The effect of a horse riding simulator on energy expenditure, enjoyment, and task difficulty in the elderly

Kim, Min Joo; Kim, Tae Yeong; Choi, Yoonjin; Oh, Sejun; Kim, Kabsu; Yoon, Bum Chul

doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2016.05.003

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Previous research studies have examined the role of animals in therapy and education, stating the benefits of animal-assisted therapy [25], or the motivating effect caused by an animal in the educational environment [27]. Simulators have also been shown to have positive effects as horseback-riding substitutes [28], promoting therapeutic benefits associated with postural control and muscle strength, including low cost, as well as greater safety and accessibility [29]. However, mental or psychological effects appear to be more limited in simulators compared to animal-assisted therapies [8,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Horseback Riding and Horse Simulator Riding on Heart Rate Variability: Are There Differences?

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to compare the heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy young people while riding a real horse or a horse gait simulator. The sample consisted of a group of 23 healthy young adults aged 22.91 (2.37), who rode a horse for five minutes at walking speed and spent five minutes on a horse gait simulator, while their HRV values were being recorded. Furthermore, immediately after each protocol, the HRV at rest was also recorded to observe the acute effects. We used the paired samples t-test to compare between the HRV during the horse-riding and the horse simulator-riding activities, as well as the differences in the acute effects between both situations. The findings indicate that the HRV was lower when participants were riding the horse compared with the activity on the horse simulator. However, no differences were observed immediately after the two protocols. Therefore, we state that the sympathetic tone is higher while riding a real horse than while riding a horse simulator. These differences may be due to emotional aspects and not due to differences in the physical load, considering the absence of differences in the acute effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Horseback Riding and Horse Simulator Riding on Heart Rate Variability: Are There Differences?

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HRS can substitute for HR, perhaps with similar exercise benefits on postural control (Borges, Werneck, Silva, Gandolfi, & Pratesi, 2011; Han et al., 2012) and muscle strength (Mitani et al., 2008; Yoo et al., 2014), even while HRS (vs. HR) reduces the aerobic demand in healthy adults (Shimomura et al., 2009), children (Rigby, Papadakis, Bane, Park, & Grandjean, 2015), and healthy older adults (Kim et al., 2016). Although a previous study reported that older adults showed greater interest in HRS than did younger adults (Kim et al., 2016), the HRS effect on postural control for older adults was not investigated. In the context of this literature and the possibility that HRS might provide an alternative, lower intensity, cost-effective, convenient, accessible, and safe exercise for older adults, we sought to compare the effects of HRS and HR on core muscle activation patterns among healthy younger and older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Exercise in Younger and Older Adults: Simulated Versus Real Horseback Riding

Kim

et al. 2017

Percept Mot Skills

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Horseback riding is an effective exercise for improving postural control and balance. To reduce costs and improve accessibility, simulated horseback riding has been developed; but no differential effects of simulated and real horseback riding on muscle activation patterns in older adults have been studied. Thus, we compared muscle activation patterns for older and younger adults engaged in real and simulated horseback riding exercises, using surface electromyography recordings of the erector spinae, rectus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, and rectus femoris muscles. We recorded muscle activity for three riding patterns: walk, slow trot, and fast trot. Muscle activation was uniformly higher for simulated (vs. real) horseback riding and increased from the walking pattern through slow and fast trot. There was no age effect, but among older participants, muscle activation was higher for simulated (vs. real) horseback riding across all gait types. Simulated and real riding produced a similar pattern of muscle activation of the thigh and trunk. These results demonstrate that simulated horseback riding can be an effective alternative to actual riding for increasing trunk and thigh muscle activation and improving postural control and balance, perhaps especially among older adults.

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“…The Horse Gym 2000 training regulator is specifically important for simulating uphill training in an area of a stable, which rules out the effects of bad weath-er, thus, the horses can be trained indoors as well to maintain the muscularity of the horse. The Horse Gym 2000 training regulator is also used to maintain the speed and prevent an accident during RHR (real horseback riding) (Kim et al 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of induced training on selected equine blood plasma indicators on treadmill trained horses

Kováčik¹,

Halo²,

Imrich³

et al. 2020

Vet. Med.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of induced training on the horses’ metabolism during an experiment lasting nine weeks where we continually scaled up the load on the horses by three defined stages. Blood was obtained from eighteen horses – two stallions, eight mares and eight geldings. In the experiment, we focused on the biochemical analysis of the blood plasma on multiple mineral profile indicators – Ca, P, Mg, K, Cl and Na, and some other variables (energy, nitrogen, AST, ALT, glucose, urea, creatinine kinase, total proteins). The result showed significant changes between the groups in most indicators. A significant increase in the potassium, phosphorus and calcium and a decrease in the concentrations of magnesium over the course of the experiment were found. For the other indicators, a significant increase in the activities of the AST and ALT out of the other indicators and the fluctuating values in the total proteins were noticed. Summarised, significant changes of multiple indicators were observed in different stages of the experiment. These changes had no visible effect on the horses’ organisms throughout entire duration of the experiment and were most probably caused by the muscular work and possible muscular damage during training.

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The effect of a horse riding simulator on energy expenditure, enjoyment, and task difficulty in the elderly

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of Horseback Riding and Horse Simulator Riding on Heart Rate Variability: Are There Differences?

Influence of Horseback Riding and Horse Simulator Riding on Heart Rate Variability: Are There Differences?

Equine Exercise in Younger and Older Adults: Simulated Versus Real Horseback Riding

The effect of induced training on selected equine blood plasma indicators on treadmill trained horses

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The effect of a horse riding simulator on energy expenditure, enjoyment, and task difficulty in the elderly

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of Horseback Riding and Horse Simulator Riding on Heart Rate Variability: Are There Differences?

Influence of Horseback Riding and Horse Simulator Riding on Heart Rate Variability: Are There Differences?

Equine Exercise in Younger and Older Adults: Simulated Versus Real Horseback Riding

The effect of induced training on selected equine blood plasma indicators on treadmill trained horses

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Resources

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The effect of induced training on selected equine blood plasma indicators on treadmill trained horses