The effect of a high-MUFA, low-glycaemic index diet and a low-fat diet on appetite and glucose metabolism during a 6-month weight maintenance period

Sloth, Birgitte; Due, Anette Pia; Larsen, Thomas Meinert; Holst, Jens J.; Heding, Anders; Astrup, Arne

doi:10.1017/s0007114508137710

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…2E). Composition of the weight maintenance diet (high protein, low carbohydrate; type of dietary fat) has a significant impact on several aspects of this homeostatic response (9,37,216), as does the amount of physical activity and regular programmed exercise (137,151). Promising combination pharmacotherapy, targeting more than one component of the homeostatic system is also on the horizon (190).…”

Section: Perspectives and Significance: Countering The Biological Drimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain

MacLean

Bergouignan

Cornier

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

361

313

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Dieting is the most common approach to losing weight for the majority of obese and overweight individuals. Restricting intake leads to weight loss in the short term, but, by itself, dieting has a relatively poor success rate for long-term weight reduction. Most obese people eventually regain the weight they have worked so hard to lose. Weight regain has emerged as one of the most significant obstacles for obesity therapeutics, undoubtedly perpetuating the epidemic of excess weight that now affects more than 60% of U.S. adults. In this review, we summarize the evidence of biology's role in the problem of weight regain. Biology's impact is first placed in context with other pressures known to affect body weight. Then, the biological adaptations to an energy-restricted, low-fat diet that are known to occur in the overweight and obese are reviewed, and an integrative picture of energy homeostasis after long-term weight reduction and during weight regain is presented. Finally, a novel model is proposed to explain the persistence of the "energy depletion" signal during the dynamic metabolic state of weight regain, when traditional adiposity signals no longer reflect stored energy in the periphery. The preponderance of evidence would suggest that the biological response to weight loss involves comprehensive, persistent, and redundant adaptations in energy homeostasis and that these adaptations underlie the high recidivism rate in obesity therapeutics. To be successful in the long term, our strategies for preventing weight regain may need to be just as comprehensive, persistent, and redundant, as the biological adaptations they are attempting to counter. energy restriction; diet-induced obesity; obesity prone; weight loss; energy balance IN THE UNITED STATES, OVER 60% of adults and close to 20% of children are overweight or obese (35,174). A number of effective weight loss strategies are available, but most are only transiently effective over a period of 3 to 6 mo. Less than 20% of individuals that have attempted to lose weight are able to achieve and maintain a 10% reduction over a year (128). Over one-third of lost weight tends to return within the first year, and the majority is gained back within 3 to 5 years (3,246). A number of reasons have been proposed for the high incidence of weight regain (69,246), and several point to the biological response to weight loss.The objective of this review is to examine the role of this biological response in the process of weight regain. Biological regulation is first discussed in relation to other nonbiological pressures that affect body weight as weight is gained, lost, and regained. The specific biological adaptations to the most common form of dieting, an energy-restricted low-fat diet, are then discussed in more detail. Previous reviews provide extensive descriptions of the normal adaptive response to energy restriction. We do not attempt to recapitulate those efforts here. Rather, the unique perspective of this review summarizes those adaptations that have been confirmed o...

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Section: Perspectives and Significance: Countering The Biological Drimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain

MacLean

Bergouignan

Cornier

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

361

313

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…After 6 months all groups showed significant increase body weight, without differences between them [38]. In general, avocado consumers had a higher daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, essential foods included in a healthy diet for reduction or maintenance of the body weight [39] [40].…”

Section: Avocado and Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avocado and Cardiovascular Health

Weschenfelder¹,

Santos²,

Souza³

et al. 2015

OJEMD

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Avocado is a fruit which had a caloric density of 1.7 kcal per gram and a half unit (~70 g) is composed by 114 kcal, 4.6 g of fibers, 345 mg of potassium, 19.5 mg of magnesium, 1.3 mg of vitamin E and 57 mg of phytosterols. Approximately 75% of fiber's avocado contents are considered insoluble and 25% are soluble. The avocado contains lipids that consist of 71% from monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 13% from polyunsaturated (PUFA) and 16% from saturated fatty acids (SFA). Recent researches have shown that avocado may improve hypercholesterolemia and may be useful in the treatment of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This way, avocado plays an important role in the cardiovascular health. This review summarizes the potential benefits of avocado consumption in the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic diseases.

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“…We have identified 20 relevant studies for inclusion in systematic review, of which 3 considered fatty acid length and degree of esterification (Scalfi et al, 1991;Li et al, 2008), 4 examined n-3 PUFAs (Zambon et al, 1992;Brady et al, 2004;West et al 2005, Madigan et al, 2000Jans et al, 2012), 14 investigated effects of cis-MUFA (Lerman-Garber et al, 1994;Christiansen et al, 1997;McCargari et al, 1998;Madigan et al, 2000;Thomsen et al, 2003;Piers et al, 2003;Manning et al, 2004;West et al, 2005;Lefevre et al, 2005;Paniagua et al, 2007;de Natale et al, 2009;Sloth et al, 2009;Lopez et al, 2011;Jans et al, 2012) three considered trans-MUFA (Christiansen et al, 1997;Lefevre et al, 2005;de Natale et al, 2009) with 7 describing effects of SAFA (Rivellese 1996;Christiansen et al, 1997;Thomsen et al, 2003;Piers et al, 2003;Manning et al, 2004;Lopez et al, 2011). In total, dietary effects on postprandial glucose or insulin were reported in 689 participants.…”

Section: Dietary Fatty Acids and Blood Glucose Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation

Russell

Baka

Björck

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

153

114

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Nutritional management of blood glucose levels is a strategic target in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To implement such an approach, it is essential to understand the effect of food on glycemic regulation and on the underlying metabolic derangements. This comprehensive review summarizes the results from human dietary interventions exploring the impact of dietary components on blood glucose levels. Included are the major macronutrients; carbohydrate, protein and fat, micronutrient vitamins and minerals, nonnutrient phytochemicals and additional foods including low-calorie sweeteners, vinegar, and alcohol. Based on the evidence presented in this review, it is clear that dietary components have significant and clinically relevant effects on blood glucose modulation. An integrated approach that includes reducing excess body weight, increased physical activity along with a dietary regime to regulate blood glucose levels will not only be advantages in T2DM management, but will benefit the health of the population and limit the increasing worldwide incidence of T2DM.

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The effect of a high-MUFA, low-glycaemic index diet and a low-fat diet on appetite and glucose metabolism during a 6-month weight maintenance period

Cited by 63 publications

References 47 publications

Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain

Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain

Avocado and Cardiovascular Health

Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation

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