The effect of a combined strength and proprioceptive training on muscle strength and postural balance in boys with intellectual disability: An exploratory study

Exercise interventions to improve balance for young people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Findings showed that the pooled effect size of 11 studies examining the effects of exercise interventions on the static balance of young people with intellectual disabilities was large ( g =0.98) and also remained large when publication bias was considered ( g =0.82). More specifically, the present results showed the effects of exercise intervention were large ( g >0.80) in 45% of the reviewed studies, and medium in 55% . Studies demonstrating the largest effect size ( g >0.80) relied on tai chi exercises, balance and/or strength exercises, Wii Fit balance game training, and rope‐skipping exercises .…”

“…More specifically, the present results showed the effects of exercise intervention were large ( g >0.80) in 45% of the reviewed studies, and medium in 55% . Studies demonstrating the largest effect size ( g >0.80) relied on tai chi exercises, balance and/or strength exercises, Wii Fit balance game training, and rope‐skipping exercises . This suggests that types of exercise intervention focusing on balance or multiple components (balance, coordination, and strength components) are highly efficient in improving the balance of young people with intellectual disabilities.…”

Effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index and physical index of intellectual disability

“…Once a person is diagnosed with intellectual disability, he or she will experience difficulties in education, employment, everyday life, and use of convenience facilities due to the limitations in recognition and communication areas (Hardee & Fetters, ; K. Lee, Lee, & Song, ). Most of them are in the medical health‐vulnerable class that needs assistance with daily life because of their limited range of activities as a result of the restrictions on physical activity and mental withdrawal (Kachouri et al, ; K. J. Lee, Lee, Shin, Shin, & Song, ). In 2017, the employment rate of people with disabilities in Korea is 36.5% (Statistics Korea, ).…”

“…As people with intellectual disabilities encounter difficulties in participating and concentrating in physical activities (Kachouri et al, ; K. J. Lee et al, ), they experience reduction and shortage of physical activities (Hardee & Fetters, ; Y. C. Lee, ), as well as lack of muscular strength, coordination, and flexibility (Y. J. Kim, ; Oviedo, Guerra‐Balic, Baynard, & Javierre, ). Furthermore, they are at a higher risk of having cardiovascular disease, as compared to people without disabilities (Elmahgoub et al, ).…”

“…Tai Chi therapy is designed for slow, gentle movements, so that people with intellectual disabilities, who cannot follow dynamic physical activities, can easily follow (Y. C. Lee, ). It is effective on physical flexibility and sense of balance; therefore, it also helps in preventing falls in people with intellectual disabilities who are at a higher accident risk due to their unnatural movements (Bubela, Sacharko, Chan, & Brady, ; Kachouri et al, ; K. Lee et al, ;). Additionally, it is a physical activity program that is beneficial to the rehabilitation treatment and physical function improvement of people with intellectual disabilities since it is helpful for the development of mental, social, and physical abilities, such as decrease in blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index (BMI) (Chang, Lee, & Eom, ; Y. Kim, ; Salmoirago‐Blotcher et al, ; Sun & Buys, ).…”