“…data reduction and Statistical Analysis VO 2 and VCO 2 measurements for each participant were recorded during each 10-min walking exercise. The VO 2 and respiratory exchange ratio (RER; ratio of VCO 2 to VO 2 ) representing energy expenditure and relative intensity of the exercise, respectively, at the 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th min in backpack and double-pack carriage were calculated based on the minute average of the breath-by-breath measurements from the metabolic cart during each minute of collection (Pigman et al, 2017). A mixed ANOVA was used to analyse the effect of gender, pack, and time on VO 2 and RER values (SPSS version 24.0, IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).…”