The effect of 5 intravenous lipid emulsions on plasma phytosterols in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

In uncomplicated preterm infants receiving routine PN, we found a correlation between phytosterol intake and plasma phytosterol concentrations; however, cholestasis was rare and no difference in liver function at 6 wk was observed.

Impact of Providing a Combination Lipid Emulsion Compared With a Standard Soybean Oil Lipid Emulsion in Children Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

“…Nine of the potential 81 lipid emulsion studies met the predefined inclusion criteria (Figure 1). 45 ‐ 53 The characteristics of the included studies are outlined in Table 1. Six of the included studies were RCTs, including 1 that was a 5‐arm trial of multiple LEs including 2 combination LEs 46 , 47 , 50 .…”

“… 45 ‐ 53 The characteristics of the included studies are outlined in Table 1. Six of the included studies were RCTs, including 1 that was a 5‐arm trial of multiple LEs including 2 combination LEs 46 , 47 , 50 . ‐ 53 Two studies used a retrospective cohort design, and 1 was a single‐arm trial 45 , 48 , 49 .…”

“…‐ 53 Two studies used a retrospective cohort design, and 1 was a single‐arm trial 45 , 48 , 49 . Five of the 6 RCTs had a low risk of bias, 46 , 47 , 50 ‐ 52 and 1 of the RCTs had an unclear risk of bias 53 according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias 41 . The risk of bias for the nonrandomized trials ranged from 0–4 stars according to the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, which indicates a moderate to high risk of bias 42 , 45 , 48 , 49 .…”

“…The risk of bias for the nonrandomized trials ranged from 0–4 stars according to the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, which indicates a moderate to high risk of bias 42 , 45 , 48 , 49 . The combination LE used was SMOFlipid in 6 studies, 46 , 49 ‐ 53 ClinOleic/Omegaven 1:1 in 2 studies, 45 , 48 and Lipoplus in 2 studies 47 , 51 (1 study used 2 combination LEs). Populations included premature infants, 50 ‐ 53 infants with short bowel syndrome (SBS), 45 , 48 infants undergoing heart surgery, 47 children receiving long‐term PN, 46 and children who developed PNALD 49 .…”

“…The combination LE used was SMOFlipid in 6 studies, 46 , 49 ‐ 53 ClinOleic/Omegaven 1:1 in 2 studies, 45 , 48 and Lipoplus in 2 studies 47 , 51 (1 study used 2 combination LEs). Populations included premature infants, 50 ‐ 53 infants with short bowel syndrome (SBS), 45 , 48 infants undergoing heart surgery, 47 children receiving long‐term PN, 46 and children who developed PNALD 49 . Eight studies focused on hospitalized infants and children, 45 , 47 ‐ 53 and 1 study focused on children receiving home PN 46…”