The effect of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/hydroxyapatite composites

Abstract

The poly(methyl methacrylate)/hydroxyapatite (PMMA/5HA) composites were prepared by using heat-processing polymers powder and liquid method with a ratio of 10 : 4 according to the dental laboratory practice. The hydroxyapatite (HA) was surface treated using 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (c-MPS) with different concentrations based on HA (i.e., 2, 4, 6, and 8%). The chemical treatment of HA was examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Ray Spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties of PMMA/5HA composites were characterized using tensile, 3-point bending flexural and fracture toughness tests. The morphological properties of the PMMA/5HA composites were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The intensities of absorption bands at 840, 873, and 1031 cm À1 which are corresponding to SiAO stretching were observed and became higher as the increasing concentration of c-MPS for the HA treatment. This indicates that the HA was successfully treated by c-MPS. It is interesting to note that the flexural modulus and strength of PMMA/5HA was increased significantly by 6% c-MPS. The improvement of the mechanical strength could be related to the enhancement of interfacial interaction between PMMA and HA by the surface treatment of c-MPS. In addition, the fracture toughness properties of PMMA/5HA composites were also influenced by the different concentration of c-MPS. It is believed that the c-MPS could act as a good silane coupling agent for the PMMA/5HA composites.

Effect of modification degree of nanohydroxyapatite on biocompatibility and mechanical property of injectable poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based bone cement

“…As shown in Figure 2a, the peak at 557 cm 21 21 , which were assigned to stretching and bending vibrations of AOH group, and the increasing peak at 1732 cm 21 (C@O) indicated that the modification degree of P(MMA-co-MPS) on the surface of HA increased with the increase in the feed ratio of P(MMAco-MPS) to HA. 25 The amount of P(MMA-co-MPS) covalently attached to the surface of HA nanoparticles was also determined by TGA (Figure 2b).…”

Towards optimization of the silanization process of hydroxyapatite for its use in bone cement formulations

“…In this regard, the most popular silane coupling agent for dental materials and bone cement formulations is the 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (also called 3-methacryloyloxy propyl trimethoxysilane) as its organofunctional group matches the chemical structure and reactivity of the monomer/polymer systems involved in these applications. In contrast, a variety of different solvents have been used during silanization process with MPS including cyclohexane [11], acetone [15], acetone/water mixture [3,4,6,8], methanol/ water mixture [9,11,12], ethanol/water [13] among others.…”

“…According to a literature review, silanes are the most common coupling agents used to modify the surface characteristics of the HA [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. During the surface modification process, many factors such as type and concentration of coupling agent, nature of solvent(s), pH, etc., may influence the way in which the silane molecules are absorbed, condensed or interacted with the substrate thus affecting the coupling efficiency [14].…”

Effects of Filler Size on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer-filled Dental Composites: A Review of Recent Developments

“…29 Two similar studies also reported that adding HA (18.1 µm) to PMMA denture base reduced flexural strength. 53,54 According to Oral et al, the flexural strength of groups reinforced with large microparticles (>315 µm) decreased.…”