The effect of 28-day pesticide feeding on serum and tissue enzyme activities of rats fed diets of varying casein content

Casterline, James L.; Williams, Clara H.; Keys, J.E.; Taylor, Mary J.

doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(71)80015-7

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Biochemical analyses showed that nestlings differed in their plasma CPK, cholinesterase and − GT values. Abnormal changes in the activity of two former enzymes have been noted in rats [6], quail [10] and/or nestling kestrels [24] fed experimental diets containing non-lethal levels of pesticides or heavy metals. Thus, the different CPK and cholinesterase activities in chick eagles of Doñ ana and Madrid might be also explained by a differential ingestion of environmental toxicants in food material.…”

Section: Differences Between Local Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting plasma chemistry values of the Spanish Imperial Eagle, Aquila adalberti

Ferrer¹,

Dobado‐Berrios²

1998

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Studies in endangered raptors have given reference values for some blood constituents of metabolic, veterinary, ecological and/or taxonomic interest. However, the variations in such values with physiological and external factors are poorly known. In the present study, the influence of sex, age, nutritional state and local environment was tested on up to 19 plasma variables in the Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti ). Our results showed that differences between sexes were not significant for any of the studied parameters. However, age had a significant effect on a number of metabolites, inorganic ions and enzyme activities. In particular, age-related differences in glucose, triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and creatinine values between chick and (sub)adult eagles were found. In addition, some metabolic responses of subadult birds to fasting and refeeding were quite similar to those found in other raptors. Finally, nestlings inhabiting different geographic areas also differed in relation to the values of several plasma parameters, those dissimilarities probably accounting for quantitative and qualitative differences in their respective diets.

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Section: Differences Between Local Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting plasma chemistry values of the Spanish Imperial Eagle, Aquila adalberti

Ferrer¹,

Dobado‐Berrios²

1998

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…Since brain ChE can not be assayed until the end of the experiment (at 9 weeks in the parathion experiment and 10 weeks in the banol experiment), it is possible that inhibition may have occurred earlier in the experiment, preceding adaptation to chronic exposure. In fact, brain ChE-I was noted in a similar 28 day experiment by the same investigator (Casterline and Williams, 1971). It is noteworthy that behavioral effects can be observed following subchronic exposure to a ChE-I pesticide even when brain AChE levels are not inhibited.…”

Section: -18 O Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Parathion, malathion and banol all produced greater ChE-I in rats on low protein diets than on high protein diets (Casterlme et al (1969a(Casterlme et al ( , b, 1971 , Vaishwanar and Mallik (1984)). Parathion-induced serum ChE-I was more dependent on dietary protein levels for subchronically-exposed rats (28 days) than for acutely exposed animals (single dose) (Casterline and Williams, 1971). Behavioral changes were noted more often in rats on low protein diets exposed to parathion or banol than in unexposed rats on low protein diets or exposed rats on high protein diets (Casterline, Brodie and Sobotka, 1971).…”

Section: -18 O Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It is noteworthy that behavioral effects can be observed following subchronic exposure to a ChE-I pesticide even when brain AChE levels are not inhibited. Subchronic exposure to parathion was found to decrease serum and liver triacetinesterase (AliE) activities in protein-deprived animals as well as ChE activities, thus reducing the detoxification ability in those animals and making them highly susceptible to poisoning, even at low doses (Casterline and Williams, 1971).…”

Section: -18 O Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Risks of Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticides

Lefferts

1989

Risk Assessment in Setting National Priorities

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Inhibiting Pesticides. (Under the direction of ALVIS G. TURNER) Cholinesterase-inhibiting (ChE-I) pesticides, which include both organophosphates (OP's) and carbamates, together constitute a very significant proportion of pesticides used in the U.S. and worldwide. ChE-I pesticides are known to disrupt nervous system functioning in animals and humans, and OP's are implicated in human poisonings more often than any other class of pesticides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses ChE-I to characterize the risks of these pesticides since ChE-I is a sensitive predictor of exposure. Assessing the risks of OP's and carbamates on the basis of ChE-I involves many uncertainties. The decisions and assumptions made to resolve these uncertainties are science policy decisions, and can have a significant impact on the final characterization of the risk. This report identifies the principal uncertainties throughout each of the four stages of risk assessment (as described by the National Research Council), discusses the nature and public health implications of these uncertainties, suggests an approach for describing and resolving uncertainties, and provides recommendations useful in developing a science policy for ChE-I pesticides. It is concluded that the EPA's use of an uncertainty factor as small as ten is not justified by the available scientific evidence.

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“…It is well documented that the metabolism and toxicity of many xenobiotics including pesticides may vary widely depending upon species (Murphy et al 1968) age (Harbison 1975), nutritional status (Casterline and Williams 1971), disease conditions (Radomski et al 1968), drug interactions (Vukovich et al 1971) and interactions with other pesticides (Triolo and Coon 1966). Another important condition which has been found to modify pesticide toxicity is food restriction.…”

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confidence: 99%

The combined effect of food restriction and parathion exposure in rats

Villeneuve

Logten

Tonkelaar

et al. 1978

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Abstract. Male rats were fed diets containing 0, 1, or 5 ppm parathion ad libitum for 28 days. Three other groups of rats were fed diets containing 0, 2, or 10 ppm parathion for 28 days but were fed only 50% of the food intake of the corresponding ad libitum groups. Effects on plasma cholinesterase activity and plasma and liver carboxylesterase activities were observed in the 5 ppm and 10 ppm parathion groups. Food restriction increased the inhibition elicited by parathion with each of these parameters. No significant inhibition of brain cholinesterase by parathion alone or with food restriction was observed. Lesions of the pancreas were noted in animals receiving 10 ppm of parathion and subjected to 50% normal food intake.

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The effect of 28-day pesticide feeding on serum and tissue enzyme activities of rats fed diets of varying casein content

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Factors affecting plasma chemistry values of the Spanish Imperial Eagle, Aquila adalberti

Factors affecting plasma chemistry values of the Spanish Imperial Eagle, Aquila adalberti

Assessing Risks of Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticides

The combined effect of food restriction and parathion exposure in rats

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