The Effect of 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Rinsing on Previously Plaque‐Free and Plaque‐Covered Surfaces: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Zanatta, Fabrício Batistin; Antoniazzi, Raquel Pippi; Rösing, Cassiano Kuchenbecker

doi:10.1902/jop.2007.070090

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…Clinical trials utilizing experimental gingivitis models have been frequently used as a short-term model to evaluate the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents. These trials have tested a fixed combination of essential oils, 8,9 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 25,26 cetylpyridinium chloride, 27 0.1% hexetidine, 28 and other noncommercial antimicrobial agents. 29 Therefore, there is enough evidence to support that experimental gingivitis study designs, like long-term models, have been accepted as a valid model to determine and compare efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial

Amini¹,

Araujo

et al. 2009

Braz. oral res.

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The objective of this randomized, examiner blind, parallel group, controlled clinical trial was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (EO) to two mouthrinses containing 0.05% Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), one with alcohol and one alcohol-free, using a two-week experimental gingivitis validated-model with a 5% hydroalcohol rinse serving as the negative control. One hundred and fifty-nine subjects, 56 males and 103 females; ranging in age from 18 to 58 years in good general health were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: EO (n = 40), 0.05% CPC with alcohol (CPC a , n = 39), 0.05% CPC alcohol-free (CPC na , n = 40), and 5% hydroalcohol negative control (n = 40). The Mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) were the primary efficacy endpoints and were evaluated at baseline and at two weeks. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a complete dental prophylaxis and began supervised rinsing with their assigned mouthrinse twice daily for two weeks, as their sole oral hygiene measure; 151 subjects completed the trial. Two weeks after baseline the EO adjusted mean PI and MGI scores were significantly lower than those of both CPC rinses and negative control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the EO mouthrinse demonstrated significantly greater antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy than both CPC-containing mouthrinses and the negative control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial

Amini¹,

Araujo

et al. 2009

Braz. oral res.

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“…This was also supported by the greater efficacy of CHX compared to the green tea extract on both the buccal and palatal ES. However, 0.12% CHX has limited efficacy in the deeper layers of an established biofilmed compared to planktonic cultures 6 , and this reduced action against an established biofilm seems to be clinically important regarding gingivitis 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen tension during biofilm growth influences the efficacy antimicrobial agents

Antoniazzi

Trojahn

Casarin³

et al. 2016

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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ResumoObjetivo: Comparar a eficácia antimicrobiana de clorexidina 0,12% (CHX) e solução de chá verde (CV) (Camellia sinensis) em biofilmes formados em diferentes tensões de oxigênio em um modelo in situ. Método: Vinte e cinco estudantes de odontologia foram elegíveis. Um dispositivo com espécimes de esmalte (EE) padronizados, voltado para o palato e para vestibular foram inseridos nos voluntários por 7 dias. Durante os primeiros quatro dias nenhum agente foi aplicado. A partir do quinto dia, ambos os agentes foram aplicados nos EEs no grupo teste e nenhum agente foi aplicado no grupo EE controle. Após 7 dias, os fragmentos EEs foram removidos dos dispositivos, sonicados, plaqueados em ágar, e incubado durante 24 h a 37 °C para determinar unidades formadoras de colonias (UFCs). Resultado: CHX teve significativamente melhor eficácia em comparação com CV nos EEs para vestibular (1.330 vs. 2.170 UFC/mL) e EEs voltados para o palatal (2.250 vs. 2.520 UFC/mL). Comparações intragrupos mostraram maior eficácia em EEs vestibulares do que as EEs voltadas para o palato (1.330 vs. 2.250 UFC/mL para CHX e 2170 vs, 2520 UFC/mL para CV) em ambas as soluções. Análise dos controles, mostrou a formação de biofilme significativamente maior em comparação com EEs palatinas e bucais. Conclusão: CHX tem uma eficácia maior do que o chá verde em biofilmes formados por 4 dias. A eficácia dos agentes foi reduzida para os biofilmes em ambiente com baixa tensão de oxigênio. A tensão de oxigênio parece influenciar na eficácia dos agentes testados.Descritores: Camellia sinensis; clorexidina; placa dentária. AbstractObjective: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of a 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and herbal green tea (Camellia sinensis) solution on established biofilms formed at different oxygen tensions in an in situ model. Method: Twenty-five dental students were eligible for the study. In situ devices with standardized enamel specimens (ES) facing the palatal and buccal sides were inserted in the mouths of volunteers for a 7 day period. No agent was applied during the first four days. From the fifth day onward, both agents were applied to the test ES group and no agent was applied to the control ES group. After 7 days the ES fragments were removed from the devices, sonicated, plated on agar, and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C to determine and quantify the colony forming units (CFUs). Result: CHX had significantly higher efficacy compared to green tea on the buccal (1330 vs. 2170 CFU/µL) and palatal (2250 vs. 2520 CFU/µL) ES. In addition, intragroup comparisons showed significantly higher efficacy in buccal ES over palatal ES (1330 vs. 2250 CFU/µL for CHX and 2170 vs, 2520 CFU/µL for CV) for both solutions. Analysis of the ES controls showed significantly higher biofilm formation in palatal ES compared to buccal ES. Conclusion: CHX has higher efficacy than green tea on 4-day biofilms. The efficacy of both agents was reduced for biofilms grown in a low oxygen tension environment. Therefore, the oxygen tension environment seems to influence the eff...

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“…This effect was also demonstrated in the field of full dentures. [22][23][24] The time effect on biofilm accumulation over the study period (Figure 7) demonstrated that each of the CHX or VBC hygienic protocols provided a fairly constant level of biofilm prevention over the 70 days of measurement (five consecutive aligners). That is, gradual deterioration in aligner maintenance over time did not occur.…”

Section: In Vitro Clinical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of three hygienic protocols in reducing biofilm adherence to removable thermoplastic appliance

Shpack

Greenstein

Gazit

et al. 2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objectives: To examine the ability of a removable thermoplastic appliance (RTA) to adsorb hygienic solutions and inhibit bacterial growth and to examine the efficacy of three hygiene protocols in reducing bacterial biofilm adherence to RTA. Materials and Methods: Solution adsorption and bacterial growth inhibition were examined in vitro using paper vs RTA discs. Subsequently, 11 patients treated with RTA (mean age, 29.1 6 4.7 years) were assigned into a sequence of three hygiene protocols: regular RTA brushing (baseline), immersion RTAs in chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX), and using a vibrating bath with cleaning solution (VBC). For each patient, 12 upper RTAs were examined (2 baseline RTAs, 5 CHX RTAs, and 5 VBC RTAs), for a total of 132 RTAs. All RTAs were stained with gentian violet, and biofilm presence was measured using a photodensitometer. Results: The RTA discs did not adsorb CHX or cleaning solution. The later agent did not show antibacterial features. Baseline RTAs showed significant biofilm adherence (P , .001) on the posterior palatal side of the aligner and on the anterior incisal edge. CHX and VBC hygienic protocols significantly (P , .001) reduced baseline biofilm adherence by 16% and 50%, respectively. Hygienic improvement was maintained over 140 days when CHX and VBC were used. However, VBC was three times more efficient than CHX. Conclusions: This study highly recommends the use of a VBC protocol. Biofilm deposits on the RTA, especially on incisal edges and attachment dimples, could lead to inadequate tooth/RTA and attachment/RTA overlap and consequently impair tooth alignment. (Angle Orthod. 2014;84:161-170.)

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The Effect of 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Rinsing on Previously Plaque‐Free and Plaque‐Covered Surfaces: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract: A 0.12% CHX gluconate mouthrinse had little antiplaque and antigingivitis effect on previously plaque-covered surfaces. These results confirm the diminished effect of CHX on structured biofilm and reinforce the necessity of biofilm disruption before the initiation of CHX mouthrinse.

Cited by 54 publications

References 69 publications

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial

Oxygen tension during biofilm growth influences the efficacy antimicrobial agents

Efficacy of three hygienic protocols in reducing biofilm adherence to removable thermoplastic appliance

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