“…The philosophical analysis revealed that, for one group of authors, the art of nursing is rational in nature. According to the following authors, the art of nursing involves the ability to rationally determine an appropriate course of nursing action: Abdellah (1959Abdellah ( , 1969, Abdellah and Levine (1965), Abdellah, Martin, Beland, and Matheney (1960), Beckstrand (1978aBeckstrand ( , 1978bBeckstrand ( , 1980, Dickoff and James (1968, Dickoff, James, and Wiedenbach (1968% 170 1968b), Diers (1970Diers ( , 1979Diers ( , 1990, Dock (1900Dock ( , 1949, Dock and Stewart (1937), Donaldson and Crowley (1978), Heidgerken (1946), Henderson (1956Henderson ( , 1964Henderson ( , 1966Henderson ( , 1969Henderson ( , 1982Henderson ( , 1985Henderson ( , 1987% 1987b, Henderson and Nite (1978), Johnson (1959aJohnson ( , 1959bJohnson ( , 1961Johnson ( , 1968Johnson ( , 1974Johnson ( , 1989, Kim (1983Kim ( , 1987Kim ( , 1989, Leininger (1984Leininger ( , 1988aLeininger ( , 1988b, Montag (1951Montag ( , 1988, Nightingale (1860Nightingale ( , 1874…”