The ecotoxicological significance of cadmium intake and residues in terrestrial small mammals

Shore, Richard F.; Douben, Peter E. T.

doi:10.1016/0147-6513(94)90035-3

Cited by 98 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Cadmium (Cd) is among the most common metal pollutants in estuaries. It has no known biological function in animals and can interfere with various physiological processes in organisms from invertebrates to mammals (Shore and Douben, 1994;Ramachandran et al, 1997;Roméo et al, 2000). In particular, energy metabolism, membrane transport and protein synthesis are affected, and Cd may also act on DNA directly or indirectly by interference with genetic control and repair mechanisms (Hassoun and Stohs, 1996;Prusky and Dixon, 2002;Sokolova, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent stress response in oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Pollution reduces temperature tolerance in oysters

2006

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Combined effects of temperature and a toxic metal, cadmium (Cd), on energy metabolism were studied in a model marine bivalve, the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, acclimated at 20, 24 and 28• C and exposed to 50 g l −1 of Cd. Both increasing temperature and Cd exposure led to a rise in standard metabolic rates, and combined stressors appeared to override the capability for aerobic energy production resulting in impaired stress tolerance. Oysters exposed to elevated temperature but not Cd showed no significant change in condition, survival rate and lipid peroxidation, whereas those exposed to both Cd and temperature stress suffered high mortality accompanied by low condition index and elevated lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, RNA/DNA ratios indicative of protein synthesis rate, and levels of glutathione, which is involved in metal detoxification, increased in Cd-exposed oysters at 20• C but not at 28• C. Implications of the synergism between elevated temperatures and cadmium stress on energy metabolism of oysters are discussed in the light of the potential effects of climate change on oyster populations in polluted areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent stress response in oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Pollution reduces temperature tolerance in oysters

2006

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“…While biomagnification of the chlorinated hydrocarbons (organochlorines) is fairly well proven (Walker 1990), the concentration of heavy metals in animals is not necessarily a property of food chains (Laskowski 1991). Heavy metal bioma=@fication has been implicated mostly in mammals (Shore and Douben 1994, Hegstrom and West 1989, Ma 1987. Conclusions to the contrary are that .…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 68%

Preliminary Risk Assessment of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory

Gallegos¹,

Gonzales²,

Bennett³

et al. 1998

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“…As indicated earlier, our experiment was conducted during a much longer period. Shore and Douben (1994) remarked that the kidney is a critical organ affected by cadmium poisoning since the pathological changes are primarily observed on this organ. Our research findings confirm that the major pathological changes occurred in proximal tubules whose epithelium showed atrophy and vacuolar degeneration (see Figures 4,5,6 and 7), and different forms of nephritis, but rarely a single cell necrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beširović¹,

Alić²,

Prašović³

et al. 2010

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the histopathological changes on the organs of the brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) inflicted by per oral cadmium and zinc poisoning in the 46-week experimental period. The fish were kept in well-oxygenated freshwater basins which were purposely set for the experiment. During the investigation, we set up two experimental basins along with the control one. We put 30 specimens of one-year-old brown trout of the average weight of 15 grams in each basin. According to Venugopal, peroral toxic doses for fish can not be determined precisely. Accurate lethal doses (LD 50 and LD) can only be established for a number of laboratory animals. However, it is possible to calculate the approximate toxic doses for fish from peroral lethal doses for rats. The calculated values for cadmium chloride are 4,4 mg/kg and 11 mg/kg for zinc sulphate, respectively. In the experimental stage we soaked the fish food in solutions made in conformity with the aforementioned values of cadmium chloride and zink sulphate. As a result, the fish consumed the aforementioned toxic doses in the experimental stage, considering that the feeding regimen included the food ration of 2% body weight/day.Keywords: Heavy metals, fish, peroral poisoning, histopathological. Kronik Uygulanan Kadmiyum ve Çinkoya Maruz Kalan Kahverengi Alabalığın (Salmo trutta m. fario) Böbrek ve Solungaçlarına Histopatolojik Etkileri ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, 46 haftalık deney süresinde beher kadmiyum ve çinko zehirlenmesine uğrayan kahverengi alabalığın (Salmo trutta m. fario) organları üzerindeki histopatolojik değişiklikleri belirlemektir. Balıklar, deney için oluşturulan oksijenli tatlı su havzalarında muhafaza edilmiştir. Araştırma süresince kontrol bölgeyle birlikte iki deney havzası oluşturulmuştur. Her havzaya ortalama ağırlığı 15 gram olan, 30 adet ve bir yaşında kahverengi alabalık koyulmuştur. Venugopal'a göre balıklar için peroral toksik dozlar tam olarak tespit edilemez. Kesin ölümcül dozlar (LD 50 ve LD) yalnızca birkaç laboratuar hayvanı için tespit edilebilir. Fakat fareler için olan peroral ölümcül dozlardan, balıklar için yaklaşık toksik dozlar hesaplamak mümkündür. Hesaplanan değerler sırasıyla kadmiyum klorür için 4,4 mg/kg ve çinko sülfat için 11 mg/kg'dır. Deneysel aşamada sözü edilen kadmiyum klorür ve çinko sülfat değerlerine uygun olarak hazırlanan çözeltide balık yemi bekletilmiştir. Sonuç olarak beslenme rejiminin %2 vücut ağırlığı/gün yem rasyonu içerdiği dikkate alındığında balıklar deneysel aşamada bahsi geçen toksik dozları tüketmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağır metaller, balık, oral zehirlenme dozu, histopatolojik etki.

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The ecotoxicological significance of cadmium intake and residues in terrestrial small mammals

Cited by 98 publications

References 41 publications

Temperature-dependent stress response in oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Pollution reduces temperature tolerance in oysters

Temperature-dependent stress response in oysters, Crassostrea virginica: Pollution reduces temperature tolerance in oysters

Preliminary Risk Assessment of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory

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