The Ecophysiological Needs of Plums and Their Impact on Ecological Production of Plum in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

Organic farming takes up more and more areas in agricultural production. It is based on the principles of preserving human and animal health and maintaining the balance in agrobiocenosis and therefore prohibits the use of a majority of water-soluble mineral fertilizers and phytopharmaceuticals of chemical origin (except those from the list of allowed products). In ecological farming of plums, optimization of fertilization is very important, which must comply with ecological principles and regulations which included fertilization with a relatively narrow range of allowed organic fertilizers (manure, compost, manure, slurry, peat, guano, sawdust) and mineral additives (calcium carbonate, crude phosphates, basic slag, raw potassium salt, potassium sulphate, gypsum, wood ash, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, etc.).
 Nutrition methods in organic plum production are different from nutrition in conventional production, primarily due to a limited selection of available fertilizers, and the most important difference is the inability to use water-soluble individual and complex fertilizers. It is precisely for this reason that in organic agriculture, the emphasis on maintaining humidity, optimum pH and soil moisture is considerably more important than necessary prerequisites for sufficient availability of nutrients in the soil.

Effects of organic fertilizers on brown rot (Monilinia spp.) and insect pest of plum (Prunus domestica L.)

“…и минерални добавки (калциев карбонат, сурови фосфати, основна шлака, сурова калиева сол, калиев сулфат, гипс, дървесна пепел, калциев хлорид, натриев хлорид и др.). Методите на хранене при органичното производство на сливи са различни от храненето при конвенционалното производство, главно поради ограничения избор от налични торове, а най-важната разлика е невъзможността за използване на водоразтворими индивидуални и комплексни торове (Salkić et al, 2019). Видът, концентрацията и формата на тора, внесен в подходящите фази на развитие на културите (Todorova & Boteva, 2015;Todorova, 2020), както и торовата норма са условия, от които зависи количеството и качеството продукцията.…”

A model for supporting the decision of plum variety selection based on fuzzy logic

“…In the last century, the former Yugoslavia was the largest producer of plums in Europe (Salkić et al, 2019), and in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) plums are the national fruit and the most represented in fruit production. However, plum production in BiH stagnated and declined as fruit growers opted to produce other types of fruit.…”

“…The reason for this should be sought in the fact that many products can be made from plum fruits, so this fruit is profitable and suitable for production (Rozman et al, 2017). In addition, BiH has excellent agroecological conditions for plum cultivation (Salkić et al, 2019).…”