The Economics of Wildlife Conservation Policy in Kenya

Norton‐Griffiths, M.

doi:10.1002/9781444313598.ch11

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One alternative is to channel some of the revenue generated by wildlife-whether through tourism, trophy hunting, or other activities-back to local communities, and provide benefits to help offset costs not covered by compensation. The value of community remuneration for conservation appeared evident in Kenya: in areas where most of the revenue from ecotourism was retained by the tourism industry and the government, 29% to 65% of wildlife was lost between 1977 and 1994; in areas where revenues were shared among group ranches, wildlife held its own; and on private land where owners received all of the revenue, wildlife increased by 12% (38). However, recent assessments of wildlife trends in Kenya are less positive, revealing marked declines in wildlife numbers regardless of land-use type (39).…”

Section: Using Financial Mechanisms To Realign Global and Local Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence

Dickman

Macdonald²,

Macdonald³

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

354

336

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One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation “on the ground.” Although human–carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term “payments to encourage coexistence”; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenue-sharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty.

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Section: Using Financial Mechanisms To Realign Global and Local Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence

Dickman

Macdonald²,

Macdonald³

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

354

336

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“…Moreover, the local people do not see the need to protect wildlife especially the predators and crop raiders, which destroy their sources of livelihood subjecting them to poverty. According to Norton-Griffiths [48], wildlife raises the costs of livestock and agricultural production, the extent of property destruction and loss of human life, and grazing competition reduces net benefits of livestock. Because of conflicts, landowners are forced to take all kinds of defensive, some of which are detrimental to wildlife and the majority of land owners would like to see all wildlife eradicated and protected areas opened for development [49].…”

Section: Wildlife Consumption Awareness and Attitudes Of The Local Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rapid decline in wildlife has been noted in areas where benefits are not accrued to the local community [48]. Wildlife loss in non-tourism areas is higher than in tourism areas because the derived benefits support conservation activities and people are willing to conserve because of these benefits [54].…”

Section: Wildlife Consumption Awareness and Attitudes Of The Local Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their cooperation is crucial for the success of conservation activities [38]. Since there is increased interest in engaging local residents in management and conservation efforts in protected areas [45][46][47][48][49], assessing the attitudes and snaring awareness among the Lambwe valley community would provide imperative information about snaring activities in and around Ruma national park thus contributing to wildlife conservation efforts in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Wildlife Consumption Awareness and the Attitudes of the Local Lambwe Valley Community towards Ruma National Park, Kenya

S¹

2015

J Tourism Hospit

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“…In addition to these, corruption and mismanagement joined the list from the early 1970s onwards (Mburu 2004;Leakey 2006;Gichohi 2011 6 ; Kaka 2011 6 ), and more recently, extreme weather events and climate change (KWS/TAWIRI 2010; Gichohi 2011 6 ). The economically uncompetitive nature of wildlife across most of Kenya's rangelands and the high costs of conservation have also been referred to as a cause for declines (Norton-Griffiths 1998;Shikwati 2003).…”

Section: Causes Of Wildlife Declinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Trade in Endangered Plant Species in the Context of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation¹

Kiehn

Benítez-Díaz

2013

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

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About IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice.IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,200 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN's work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. www.iucn.orgAbout IIED Founded in 1971 by economist Barbara Ward, IIED is one of the world's most influential policy research organisations working at the interface between development and environment. We are a key contirbutor to many international policy processes and frameworks, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment and the UN convention on climate change and biological diversity.Our strength lies in our unique combination of research and action -generating robust evidence and know-how that is informed by a practical perspective acquired on the ground. IIED is distinguished by bridge-building: between policy and practice, local and global, rich and poor, government and private sector, and across diverse interest groups.Working in partnership is key. By forging alliances with individuals and organisations across contexts and scales, IIED helps strengthen poor people's voices in decision making and ensures that national and international policy better reflects the agendas of poorer countries and communities.www.iied.org CITES and CBNRMProceedings of an international symposium on "The relevance of CBNRM to the conservation and sustainable use of CITES-listed species in exporting countries" OTHER SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS ORGANISATIONS THAT HAVE PROVIDED TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTIONSThe designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or other participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from the International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK.Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland in collaboration with the International Institute for Environment and Development.Copyright: © 2011 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission fro...

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The Economics of Wildlife Conservation Policy in Kenya

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence

A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence

Assessing Wildlife Consumption Awareness and the Attitudes of the Local Lambwe Valley Community towards Ruma National Park, Kenya

International Trade in Endangered Plant Species in the Context of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation¹

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The Economics of Wildlife Conservation Policy in Kenya

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence

A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence

Assessing Wildlife Consumption Awareness and the Attitudes of the Local Lambwe Valley Community towards Ruma National Park, Kenya

International Trade in Endangered Plant Species in the Context of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

International Trade in Endangered Plant Species in the Context of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation¹