The Economics of Transition

Lavigne, Marie

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-24137-8

Cited by 96 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Notwithstanding these generally favorable terms, a number of sensitive areas, such as agriculture and textiles, were exempt from the agreements. In general, these were sectors in which the CEECs had comparative advantages (for a discussion of this issue, see Lavigne, 1995). 5 Nevertheless, these agreements were beneficial for the CEECs, and both EU trade and foreign direct investment increased rapidly.…”

Section: Trade Liberalization In Central and Eastern European Coumentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade Liberalization Strategies: What Could South Eastern Europe Learn From Cefta and Bfta?

Adam

McHugh²,

Κοσμά³

2003

IMF Working Papers

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This Working Paper should not be reported as representing views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper explores the effectiveness of the Central European Free Trade Area (CEFTA) and the Baltic Free Trade Area (BFTA). Estimates from a gravity model and bilateral trade data support the view that both CEFTA and BFTA helped expand regional trade and limit the emergence of a "hub-and-spoke" relationship between the CEECs and the European Union (EU). These empirical conclusions carry some important policy implications for the "second wave" of prospective EU members among Southeastern European Countries (SEECs). The paper argues that the SEECs should reconsider their bilateral approach to trade liberalization and move towards a multilateral free-trade area as exemplified by both the CEFTA and BFTA.

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Section: Trade Liberalization In Central and Eastern European Coumentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade Liberalization Strategies: What Could South Eastern Europe Learn From Cefta and Bfta?

Adam

McHugh²,

Κοσμά³

2003

IMF Working Papers

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“…However, this resulted Slight modifications of the above synthetic strategy alin successive losses of the supporting dppm ligand and of lowed the preparation of various alkyne-, alkynyl- [34] [ 36] or one metal center, ending with the formation of a stable diallenyltriruthenium [39] complexes. For example, the new almetallic fly-over species.…”

Section: Chemistry Of "Anion-promoted" Rutheniummentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was thus becoming clear that the lenyl complex Ru 3 (µ-Cl)(µ-HCCCH 2 )(CO) 9 was readily obelimination of the free organic molecule (probable under tained within a few minutes by reaction of the anionic chloforcing conditions, but not observed under those of our rotriruthenium complex with propargylic alcohol followed experiment) would take place only from a low-nuclearity by proton-induced dehydration of the cluster-bound ligand fragment after complete degradation of the cluster (see (Scheme 5). [39] Scheme 7, ancillary ligands omitted for clarity). Scheme …”

Section: Chemistry Of "Anion-promoted" Rutheniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Halides and Related Ligands on Reactions of Carbonylruthenium Complexes (Ru0–RuII)

Lavigne¹

1999

Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.

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While the primary motivation of fundamental studies on carbonylhalotriruthenium complexes was to understand the promoter effect of halides on certain ruthenium‐based catalytic systems of industrial relevance, such complexes have gained significance in their own right due to their remarkable ability to provide low‐activation energy pathways for the coordination of organic substrates. Limitations inherent to the fragility of these prototypes led to the design and development of a related family of more sophisticated derivatives where an aminopyridyl group serves as an alternate hemilabile ancillary ligand. Studies of their reactivity have revealed the possibility of achieving a number of stoichiometric or moderately catalytic “cluster‐mediated” transformations of organic substrates under very mild conditions. Yet, the viability of these systems is still limited to a narrow low‐energy domain. By contrast, halotriruthenium derivatives are still seen to function as catalyst precursors under the actual conditions of certain catalytic reactions where they act as sources of ruthenium(II) halide complexes that become the active components of the system. The second part of the review focuses on novel aspects of their fascinating chemistry.

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“…The first treaties were signed already in 1991 and they applied a principle of asymmetric liberalization. It meant that the European Community (later the EU) opened its market in a quicker way than the Czechoslovak market (Lavigne, 1999). Regardless of the pace of the opening there were no trade barriers between the Czech and Slovak Republics and the EU after 2000.…”

Section: Development Of International Trade After 1989mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of trade on economic growth in the Czech and Slovak Republics

Žídek¹,

Fitzová²

2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. This paper examines the relationship between trade and economic growth in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The situation after the Velvet revolution in 1989 is discussed at first. The change of the structure of the trade and the orientation of the trade in both republics are explained and illustrated on available data. The empirical part proved an analysis of the relationship between trade and GDP growth, using econometric analysis. Theory of cointegration, the vector error correction model and Granger causalities are employed. A long-term equilibrium among the investigated variables is identified in both countries. The empirical findings also indicate important role of exports in the economic growth in both republics. We conclude that economic growth in both of the countries can be identified as export-led.

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The Economics of Transition

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

Trade Liberalization Strategies: What Could South Eastern Europe Learn From Cefta and Bfta?

Trade Liberalization Strategies: What Could South Eastern Europe Learn From Cefta and Bfta?

Effects of Halides and Related Ligands on Reactions of Carbonylruthenium Complexes (Ru0–RuII)

Impact of trade on economic growth in the Czech and Slovak Republics

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