The economics of offshore wind

Green, Richard; Vasilakos, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.011

Cited by 151 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The average capital expenditure (Capex) for offshore wind in 2009 was €2.3m/MW [15]. From [15] we can also see that for Horns Rev and Nysted offshore wind farms the infield and transmission systems represent ~21% of the total Capex.…”

Section: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 -Swedenmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…From [15] we can also see that for Horns Rev and Nysted offshore wind farms the infield and transmission systems represent ~21% of the total Capex. The electrical system is a significant proportion of the overall investment in a wind farm and, assuming that capacity factors and costs per MW for WECs approach those achieved by offshore wind, then it is expected that the same will hold true for wave energy.…”

Section: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 -Swedenmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Investigation of Wave Farm Electrical Network Configurations

Sharkey¹,

Conlon²,

Gaughan³

2011

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have been in development for a number of decades and some devices are now close to becoming a commercial reality. As such, pilot projects are being developed, particularly in the UK and Ireland, to deploy WECs on a pre-commercial array scale. There is little experience in the wave energy or utility industry of designing and installing electrical networks for WEC arrays with the closest comparison being offshore wind farms. There are some key features of WECs which will ultimately dictate that the electrical configuration differs from that of offshore wind farms. This paper investigates the potential representative electrical network configurations for small (10MW), medium (40MW) and large scale (150MW) 'wave farms' in order to establish a development path for such projects. The configurations are evaluated for efficiency (power loss), redundancy and short circuit levels. Key interfaces in the electrical infrastructure are identified and discussed. This paper also identifies the key differences between offshore wind farm electrical networks.

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Section: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 -Swedenmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: World Renewable Energy Congress 2011 -Swedenmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigation of Wave Farm Electrical Network Configurations

Sharkey¹,

Conlon²,

Gaughan³

2011

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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“…The electrical infrastructure may form a considerable portion of the project cost, e.g., it is estimated to account for up to 25 % of offshore wind farm capital cost [107], and standardised electrical infrastructure is one of the key drivers in commercialising MRE arrays. As such, understanding the main electrical components, their current capabilities and how they can be deployed in MRE arrays is crucial as the industry aims to progress from single-device demonstration projects to array-scale developments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a review of the main electrical components that are expected to be present in marine renewable energy arrays. The review is put in context by appraising the current needs of the industry and identifying the key components required in both device and array-scale developments. For each component, electrical, mechanical and cost considerations are discussed; with quantitative data collected during the review made freely available for use by the community via an open access online repository. This data collection updates previous research and addresses gaps specific to emerging offshore technologies, such as marine and floating wind, and provides a comprehensive resource for the techno-economic assessment of offshore energy arrays.

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“…In the end, the choice of power transfer type will be a compromise between capital expenditures (CapEx), operational expenditures (OpEx) and transmission efficiency. Experience from offshore wind farms shows that the CapEx may be in the range of 20-25% of the total farm investments [6]. Various cost factors for grid connection of wave power are discussed in [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of offshore marine substation for grid-connection of a wave power farm

Ekström

Leijon

2014

International Journal of Marine Energy

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in International Journal of Marine Energy. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Ekström, R., Leijon, M. (2014) Control of offshore marine substation for grid-connection of a wave power farm. AbstractTo grid-connect an offshore wave power farm, an intermediate marine substation is suggested. As a part of the Uppsala University wave power project, a marine substation has been designed, assembled and deployed at sea. The substation is capable of connecting up to seven wave energy converters (WECs), and to transfer the power to the onshore 1kV-grid. In this article, the control procedure for grid connection of the WECs is described step-by-step, and the practical implementations are presented. The system is designed with autonomous control and will connect or disconnect the WECs, depending on the sea state. Fault handling is taken into account, and grid power quality such as harmonic distortion and flicker are considered in the design. Experimental results are presented to verify the system functionalities.

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The economics of offshore wind

Cited by 151 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of Wave Farm Electrical Network Configurations

Investigation of Wave Farm Electrical Network Configurations

Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review

Control of offshore marine substation for grid-connection of a wave power farm

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