The Economics of Egg Trading: Mating Rate, Sperm Competition and Positive Frequency-Dependence

Henshaw, Jonathan M.; Jennions, Michael D.

doi:10.1007/s13235-014-0107-1

Cited by 6 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This simple model of trading yielded similar results to more sophisticated simulations of “egg‐for‐egg” trading in a previous study (Henshaw et al. ).…”

Section: Modelsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…; Henshaw et al. ). This is biologically plausible if both mating and streaking opportunities depend on underlying factors such as population density and movement patterns (c.f.…”

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous theory has, however, shown that egg trading can go to fixation in a population once traders are sufficiently common, a form of positive frequency‐dependent selection (Henshaw et al. ). Here, we model how egg trading affects the evolution of sex allocation and the stability of hermaphroditism.…”

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Henshaw et al. ; although note that this argument can break down if individuals mating in the male role provide direct benefits to their partners such as nuptial gifts or parental investment: Clutton‐Brock and Vincent ; Johnstone et al. ; Kokko et al.…”

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egg trading is predicted to evolve most easily when the risk of sperm competition (i.e., streaking) is low, but to be stable once it is fixed in a population (Henshaw et al. ). We show here that not only is egg trading stable itself, it also helps protect simultaneous hermaphroditism from invasion by separate sexes.…”

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct reciprocity stabilizes simultaneous hermaphroditism at high mating rates: A model of sex allocation with egg trading

2015

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Simultaneous hermaphroditism is predicted to be unstable at high mating rates given an associated increase in sperm competition. The existence of reciprocal egg trading, which requires both hermaphroditism and high mating rates to evolve, is consequently hard to explain. We show using mathematical models that the presence of a trading economy creates an additional fitness benefit to egg production, which selects for traders to bias their sex allocation toward the female function. This female-biased sex allocation prevents pure females from invading a trading population, thereby allowing simultaneous hermaphroditism to persist stably at much higher levels of sperm competition than would otherwise be expected. More generally, our model highlights that simultaneous hermaphroditism can persist stably when mating opportunities are abundant, as long as sperm competition remains low. It also predicts that reciprocity will select for heavier investment in the traded resource.

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“…This simple model of trading yielded similar results to more sophisticated simulations of “egg‐for‐egg” trading in a previous study (Henshaw et al. ).…”

Section: Modelsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…; Henshaw et al. ). This is biologically plausible if both mating and streaking opportunities depend on underlying factors such as population density and movement patterns (c.f.…”

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sperm Competition and The Rate Of Mate Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct reciprocity stabilizes simultaneous hermaphroditism at high mating rates: A model of sex allocation with egg trading

2015

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Simultaneous Hermaphroditism in Fishes

Sawada

2022

Hermaphroditism and Mating Systems in Fish

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Egg-trading worms start reciprocation with caution, respond with confidence and care about partners’ quality

Lorenzi

Schleicherova

Robles-Guerrero

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Conditional reciprocity (help someone who helped you before) explains the evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals who take turns helping each other. Reciprocity is vulnerable to exploitations, and players are expected to identify uncooperative partners who do not return the help they received. We tested this prediction in the simultaneously hermaphroditic worm, Ophryotrocha diadema, which engages in mutual egg donations by alternating sexual roles (one worm releases’ eggs and the other fertilizes them). We set up dyads with different cooperativeness expectations; partners were either the same or a different body size (body size predicts clutch size). Large worms offered larger clutches and did so sooner when paired with large rather than small partners. They also released smaller egg clutches when they started egg donations than when they responded to a partners’ donation, fulfilling the prediction that a players’ first move will be prudent. Finally, behavioral bodily interactions were more frequent between more size-dissimilar worms, suggesting that worms engaged in low-cost behavioral exchanges before investing in such costly moves as egg donations. These results support the hypothesis that simultaneously hermaphroditic worms follow a conditional reciprocity paradigm and solve the conflict over sexual roles by sharing the costs of reproduction via the male and the female functions.

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The Economics of Egg Trading: Mating Rate, Sperm Competition and Positive Frequency-Dependence

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Direct reciprocity stabilizes simultaneous hermaphroditism at high mating rates: A model of sex allocation with egg trading

Direct reciprocity stabilizes simultaneous hermaphroditism at high mating rates: A model of sex allocation with egg trading

Simultaneous Hermaphroditism in Fishes

Egg-trading worms start reciprocation with caution, respond with confidence and care about partners’ quality

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