The Economics of Cybercrime

Abstract

Under what conditions is the Internet more likely to be used maliciously for criminal activity? This study examines the conditions under which the Internet is associated with cybercriminal offenses. Using comprehensive state-level data in the United States during 2004–2010, our findings show that there is no clear empirical evidence that the Internet penetration rate is related to the number of Internet crime perpetrators; however, cybercriminal activities are contingent upon socioeconomic factors and connection speed. Specifically, a higher income, more education, a lower poverty rate, and a higher inequality are likely to make the Internet penetration be more positively related with cybercrime perpetrators, which are indeed different from the conditions of terrestrial crime in the real world. In addition, as opposed to narrowband, the broadband connections are significantly and positively associated with the number of Internet crime perpetrators, and it amplifies the aforementioned moderating effects of socioeconomic status on Internet crime offenses. Taken together, cybercrime requires more than just a skilled perpetrator, and it requires an infrastructure to facilitate profiteering from the act.

Ecommerce Fraud Incident Response: A Grounded Theory Study

“…Additionally, smartphones are increasingly playing a more significant role in ecommerce and online payments (Chen et al, 2019). Technologies have enabled digital transformation for businesses and payment transactions to occur within a day or instantaneously by improving the speed of the settlement processes (Chen et al, 2019;Diadiushkin et al, 2019;Eappen, 2019;Mugari, 2017;Park et al, 2019).…”

“…Payment security, in particular, is a significant and important concern for merchants and consumers (Chen et al, 2019). Cyber fraud incidents are the use of online criminal deception and theft intended to result in financial and/or personal gain (Diadiushkin et al, 2019;Park et al, 2019). Ecommerce fraud prevention relies on rule-based detection systems.…”

“…However, ecommerce fraud incidents are some of the most prevalent and underreported cybercrimes in the Internet era, costing global organizations and nations billions of dollars each year (Cross, 2018;Donegan, 2019;M. He et al, 2018;Kemp, 2020;Park et al, 2019;Smith, 2008). Global ecommerce online payment fraud has resulted in an estimated $41 billion of losses (Statista, 2022).…”

Tweets and Reactions: Revealing the Geographies of Cybercrime Perpetrators and the North-South Divide

“…Cybercrime is used as a general term for all forms of crimes on the Internet. [26][27][28][29][30] However, it has geopolitical (e.g., cyber-espionage), psychosocial (e.g., cyber-bullying), and socio-economic (e.g., cyber-fraud) categories, according to the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework. 22,31,32 Cybercrime, which emanates from Nigerian society, is online fraud, rooted in and determined by socioeconomics 22,[33][34][35][36][37][38] and popularly referred to as ''419 fraud.''…”

The Diversity of Human Existence in Cyberspace as the Basis for the Formation of the Anthropological Direction of Its Research.

“…На питання, що впливає на кількість кіберзлочинців, намагаються дати відповідь вчені з США, Китаю та Південної Кореї [23]. Дж.…”