The Economic Value of Ecological Regulating Services Provided by Agricultural Insects in China

Abstract

Society has recognized the value of ecosystem services. Insects are one of the most diverse groups, playing a significant role in maintaining ecosystem function and ecological balance, and fulfilling human demands. Insect ecological services are the functional roles in ecosystem processes, benefiting humans with goods and services such as pollination, pest control and decomposition. Insect ecological services include provisioning, regulation, cultural and support services. The economic value of insect ecological services can be divided into direct鄄, indirect鄄, option鄄 and existence values. The ecological regulating services of insects involve pollination, biological control and dung burial. Insects perform pollination services to crops, vegetables and fruits which are an important ecological service. Pollination is usually the transfer of pollen from the male sex organ to the receptive portion of the female sex organ in flowering plants. Insect pollinators are adapted to many flowering plant species and are provided with primary rewards that attract (i.e., " attract and reward冶) and establish pollen vectors returning to flowers. Rewards include nectar, pollen, lipid secretions, food bodies, scents, resins, and

Insect industrialization and prospect in commerce: A case of China

“…In the forests, Scleroderma (S. guani, S. sichuanensis, S. hainanica and S. pupariae) and Dastarcus helophoroides were reared to control trunk-boring pest (Anoplophora glabripennis, A. nobilis and Apriona germari), Chouioia cunea controlled Hyphantria cunea, Rhizophagus grandis controlled Dendroctonus micans (Yang 2004). According to calculations, (Ouyang et al 2015), in the year of 2007, pollination produced about $100 billion in value, and natural enemy produced about $40 billion in value in China.…”

“…According to calculations, (Ouyang et al . 2015), in the year of 2007, pollination produced about $100 billion in value, and natural enemy produced about $40 billion in value in China.…”

Estimation of Water Resource Ecosystem Service Value inTarim River Basin—From a Full Value Chain Perspective

“…Similar to the research on the value of ecosystem services in China, the evaluation of water ecosystem services in China has just started. Ouyang et al defined river ecosystem services as the benefits it brings to human beings and divided them into four types of functions (supply, regulation, culture, and support) as an indicator system from the perspective of full value chain (MA project) [16]. Fan, when defining the concept of the river ecosystem, pointed out that it is not independent and closed ecosystems [17].…”

“…The concept of an ecosystem service system has been gradually defined since it was put forward, but the definition of a watershed ecosystem is still controversial [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. There are few studies on the full value of domestic inland rivers [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], and the comprehensive system measurement and pricing of a watershed ecosystem service system value are also open to discussion [13,[20][21][22][23][24]. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the ecosystem service value of the Tarim River Basin.…”