“…Similarly, for Taras et al (2010), the behavior of individuals in a society is strongly associated with the pattern observed in their birthplace. As in previous literature, we focus here on birthplace diversity from the first-generation international immigrants (see, among others, Cooke & Kemeny, 2017;Ottaviano & Peri, 2012;Rapoport, 2018). Concretely, we consider that a region is culturally more diverse when immigrants come from a higher number of birthplaces; or, in other words, when the probability that two migrants, randomly selected, were born in different countries is greater.…”