The Economic Effects of New Patterns of Energy Efficiency and Heat Sources in Rural Single-Family Houses in Poland

Księżopolski, Krzysztof; Drygas, Mirosław; Pronińska, Kamila; Nurzyńska, Iwona

doi:10.3390/en13236358

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Poland there are moderately favorable solar conditions, but the prosumer energy is practically based 100% on photovoltaic sources. The structure of photo-voltaic (PVPP) sources is currently the most popular and fastest-growing method to achieve energy selfsufficiency in Poland [49]. According to the data from the Ministry of Development, Labor and Technology [50], at the end of September 2020, there were about 357,000 micro-systems in Poland (increase of 35.5% compared to the end of the 2nd quarter of 2020 and as much as 131% compared to the end of 2019) [51].…”

Section: Assumptions For Creating a Sample Of The Energy Cooperative For Simulation Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Energy Cooperatives’ Development in Rural Areas—Evidence from Poland

2021

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The strategies, plans and legislation on energy market development and decarbonization in the European Union (EU) developed in recent years, such as the directives implementing the package “Clean energy for all Europeans”, aim at promoting not only renewable energy sources, but also new institutions that involve the development of local energy markets and a greater role for citizens in managing their own energy generation. At the same time, Poland remains the economy most dependent on coal and one of the largest air polluters in the EU. In order to minimize this problem and to meet the direction of energy development in the EU, Poland decided to establish, among other things, an energy cooperative. It is intended to fill the gap in the development of the civil dimension of energy on a local scale and at the same time improve efficiency in the use of the potential of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The authors of the paper seek to verify the extent to which this new institution, which is part of the idea of a local energy community, one of the driving forces for the implementation of the objectives and directions of development of “clean energy” set by the EU, has a chance to develop. The research took into account the characteristics of energy producers and consumers in rural areas, economic preferences provided for by law, relating to the functioning of an energy cooperative and the existing alternative solutions dedicated to prosumers. A dedicated mathematical model in the mixed integer programming technology was used to optimize the functioning of an energy cooperative, and more than 5000 simulations were carried out, with a typical optimization task performed as part of the research with about 50,000 variables. The conclusions and simulations make it possible to confirm the thesis that profitable energy cooperatives can be established in rural areas, with the objective of minimizing the sum of energy purchases from the distribution network and losses on the energy deposit (virtual network storage) (the energy deposit (or network deposit) should be understood as energy introduced to the grid during generation surpluses for its subsequent consumption, taking into account the discount factor).

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Section: Assumptions For Creating a Sample Of The Energy Cooperative For Simulation Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Energy Cooperatives’ Development in Rural Areas—Evidence from Poland

2021

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“…In Poland, the development of prosumer sources based practically 100% on photovoltaic sources is ongoing and still accelerating. The construction of PV sources is currently the most popular and fastest growing method to achieve energy self-sufficiency in Poland [40]. According to the data from the Ministry of Development, Labor and Technology, at the end of December 2020 [41], there were more than 457,000 micro-systems in Poland (an increase of 28.1% compared to the end of Q3 2020, and as much as 196% more compared to the end of 2019) [42] with a total capacity of about 3006 MW [43].…”

Section: Assumptions For the Creation Of A Sample Of Energy Cooperatives For Simulation Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Energy Cooperatives Operating on the Capacity Market

2021

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The European Green Deal aims to make Europe the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 by shifting to a clean circular economy, combating biodiversity loss and reducing pollution levels. In Poland, whose economy invariably remains one of the most dependent on coal consumption in Europe, institutional responses to the above EU objectives have taken the shape of energy cooperatives aimed at filling the gaps in the development of the civic dimension of energy on a local scale and the use of potential renewable energy sources in rural areas, including in relation to the agricultural sector. This article is a continuation of the authors’ previous research work, which has so far focused on the analysis of the development of profitability of Polish institutions that fit into the European idea of a “local energy community”, which includes energy cooperatives. In this research paper, they present the results of subsequent research work and analyses performed on the basis of it which, on the one hand, complement the previously developed optimization model with variables concerning actual energy storage and, on the other hand, analyze the profitability of the operation of energy cooperatives in the conditions of the “capacity market”. The latter was actually introduced in Poland at the beginning of 2021. The research took account of the characteristics of energy producers and consumers in rural areas of Poland, the legally defined rules for the operation of the capacity market and the institutional conditions for the operation of energy cooperatives that can use the potential of energy storage. A dedicated mathematical model in mixed integer programming technology was used, enriched with respect to previous research, making it possible to optimize the operation of energy cooperative with the use of actual energy storage (batteries). Conclusions from the research and simulation show that the installation of energy storage only partially minimizes the volume of energy drawn from the grid in periods when fees related to the capacity market are in force (which should be avoided due to higher costs for consumers). The analysis also indicates that a key challenge is the proper parameterization of energy storage.

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“…measures with appropriate social, regional and agricultural policies as well as sustainable national strategies and policies for energy transformation [55][56][57]. The issues related to energy poverty in rural areas in Poland can therefore be considered in a broader context, namely the importance of rural areas in the fight against climate change.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of energy poverty in the activities of agricultural advisory centres in Poland

Piwowar

2021

PLoS ONE

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It is necessary in agricultural consulting to take into account the current problems as well as economic and social challenges facing rural areas. Undoubtedly, sustainable economy and energy policy is such a problem in Poland, including the issue of access to energy from renewable sources and financial possibilities of meeting the electricity demand of households and agriculture. Therefore, advisory and information activities in the field of reducing energy poverty and improving air quality are important. The main purpose of the paper was to identify and assess the role of advisory entities in the process of counteracting energy poverty in rural areas in Poland. The basic research method was an expert (survey) study. Research shows that the subject of energy poverty is relatively rarely taken up by consulting institutions as part of training courses, especially issues related to saving electricity in the household/agricultural sector are marginalized; monitoring and analysis of energy consumption; selection of technical devices in terms of energy efficiency. Based on expert research, there were identified consultancy activities that are and may be important in the topic under study. Experts indicated co-financing of activities in the field of energy efficiency as the preferred way to fight energy poverty in agriculture and rural areas. The results may constitute an important direction in the development of consultancy, the basis for building priority programs, which in turn may affect the behaviour and actions of farmers and other inhabitants of rural areas in the context of energy transformation. The performed research may constitute the basis for further, in-depth analyses in other countries and on an international scale.

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The Economic Effects of New Patterns of Energy Efficiency and Heat Sources in Rural Single-Family Houses in Poland

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Determinants of Energy Cooperatives’ Development in Rural Areas—Evidence from Poland

Determinants of Energy Cooperatives’ Development in Rural Areas—Evidence from Poland

The Effectiveness of Energy Cooperatives Operating on the Capacity Market

The problem of energy poverty in the activities of agricultural advisory centres in Poland

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