The Economic Effects of Electromobility in Sustainable Urban Public Transport

Pietrzak, Oliwia; Pietrzak, Krystian

doi:10.3390/en14040878

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The emission of pollutants on selected lines for diesel buses and trolleybuses was estimated with the use of the pollutant emission and climate cost calculator for public transport, which is a tool for calculating pollutant emissions recommended by the Centre for EU Transport Projects [59]. It is a unified tool for all transport projects in Poland, previously used by [24] and [60] to evaluate the environmental and economic effects of electromobility in sustainable urban public transport. The pollutant emission and climate cost calculator shows how to calculate emissions for buses and other public transport based on fuel and energy consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Emission of Pollutants from Public Transport Based on the Example of Diesel Buses and Trolleybuses in Gdynia and Sopot

Połom

Wiśniewski

2021

IJERPH

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The present study attempts to examine the research gap in terms of comparing the environmental impact of trolleybuses and diesel buses in the conditions of a country with an unfavourable energy mix. The analysed example concerns the trolleybus transport system in Gdynia, in northern Poland, which also partially serves the neighbouring city of Sopot. In the last few years, two bus lines have been electrified with trolleybuses in the In-Motion-Charging technology, which enables operation on sections without an overhead network. Using the actual operational data, a comparative analysis of the emissivity of diesel buses and trolleybuses used on the same lines in an identical operating regime was conducted. Moreover, an attempt was made to estimate the damage costs of the emission of air pollutants for the above-mentioned means of transport. Research has shown that trolleybuses significantly help to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, while increasing sulphur dioxide emissions on the served lines. They also generate lower specific emissions of carbon dioxide compared to diesel buses. However, taking into account the differences in the number of seats in these vehicles, the length of routes resulting from a need to provide access to the necessary infrastructure and the total amount of kilometres covered on a given route, they may cause higher emissions per year and per the product life cycle than diesel buses. This is related to the unfavourable structure of energy production in Poland, which is dominated by coal sources. The research results clearly show that the use of trolleybuses in public transport contributes to a reduction of the damage costs of the emission of pollutants that amount to approximately EUR (€) 30,000–60,000 per year for the analysed lines.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Emission of Pollutants from Public Transport Based on the Example of Diesel Buses and Trolleybuses in Gdynia and Sopot

Połom

Wiśniewski

2021

IJERPH

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“…The literature of the subject lacks studies that would make it possible to determine which variant of electric public transport development is the most efficient in terms of the overall total costs, including the cost of exchanging batteries during the vehicles' life. At this time, it is much easier to introduce electric buses into the municipal transport system than trolleybuses [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, this apparent ease might prove costly in the long term.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia

Bartłomiejczyk

Połom

2021

Infrastructures

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The current developments in onboard power source technology, in particular, traction batteries, open up new potential in trolleybus transport and also make it possible to introduce electric buses. Thus far, trolleybus transport has required the presence of overhead lines (OHL). Introducing trolleybuses with onboard batteries makes it possible to grow the zero-emissions transport network in places with limited power supply capabilities and low population density, or in places where building OHL would not be possible. This improves the efficiency of trolleybus transport and makes environmentally friendly public transport more accessible to the local citizens. Despite their obvious advantages, traction batteries can also be problematic, as the drivers may overuse them (e.g., in the event of pantograph failure), and the public transport authorities and transport companies may plan connections in an ineffective way without preparing the necessary infrastructure (the absence of slipways or automatic connection capabilities), which in turn leads to inefficient use of the OHL. The article outlines the operation of the trolleybus transport network in Gdynia. The use of traction batteries in regular connections is analysed, and the potential for electrification of the bus line, some sections of which follow the traction infrastructure, is examined.

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“…According to the plans for the electrification of public transport around the world, we are facing a profound change toward electric bus adoption [1]. One of the foremost anticipated challenges related to this growth is in the design and planning of the electric bus charging system [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Charging Schedule Planning for Electric Buses Using Aggregated Day-Ahead Auction Bids

Żółtowska

Lin

2021

Energies

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This study aims to plan a cost-minimizing charging schedule for electric buses with fast charging stations. The paper conceptualizes the problem as a three-stage procedure, which is oriented around the participation of an electric bus aggregator in a day-ahead energy auction. First, the aggregation stage determines the bid parameters of buses. With bid parameters, aggregated cost-minimizing charging plans are obtained in the second stage conceived as the hourly day-ahead auction. The disaggregation of hourly plans into feasible minutely charging schedules is the third stage. The main contribution is the formulation of mixed-integer linear programming aggregation models to determine charging availability expressed as minimum and maximum hourly energy requirements taking into account detailed, minutely characteristics and constraints of the charging equipment and the buses. No price forecasts are required, and the plans adjust to the wholesale prices of energy. Defining only a few aggregated bids parameters used in linear programming constraints and incorporating them into the auction model is another contributing factor of this paper, allowing the scheduling of storage-based participants economically. The proposed methodology has been verified on a recently published case study of a real-world bus service operated on the Ohio State University campus. We show that the auction-based charging of all 22 buses outperforms as-soon-as-possible schedules by 7% to even 28% of daily cost savings. Thanks to the aggregated bids, buses can flexibly shift charges between high- and low-price periods while preserving constraints of the charging equipment and timetables.

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The Economic Effects of Electromobility in Sustainable Urban Public Transport

Cited by 32 publications

References 127 publications

Assessment of the Emission of Pollutants from Public Transport Based on the Example of Diesel Buses and Trolleybuses in Gdynia and Sopot

Assessment of the Emission of Pollutants from Public Transport Based on the Example of Diesel Buses and Trolleybuses in Gdynia and Sopot

Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia

Optimal Charging Schedule Planning for Electric Buses Using Aggregated Day-Ahead Auction Bids

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