The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution

Lanzi, Elisa; Rob, Dellink; Château, Jean; Mike, Holland; Spadaro, Joseph V.; Rita, Van Dingenen; Klimont, Zbigniew

doi:10.1787/9789264257474-en

Cited by 140 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…In the previous study, it has been shown that premature mortality dominated the value of the total economic costs-82.90% in Shanghai in 2001 (Kan and Chen 2004), 87.23% in Beijing in 2004(Zhang et al 2007), 88.4% in 111 Chinese cities in 2004(Zhang et al 2008), 90% in China in 2010(OECD 2014, and 67.19% in pearl river delta region in China (Huang et al 2012).…”

Section: Dalys Due To Pm 25 and Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Under the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project of the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution has been considered as a high-priority area. The report shows that the PM 2.5 could cause 6 to 9 million premature deaths a year by 2060 with 1% of global GDP-around US$ 2.6 trillion annual cost (OECD 2016). Air pollution poses the fourth highest risk factor for premature mortality in the world (IHME 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Maji

Arora

Dikshit

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Particulate air pollution is becoming a serious public health concern in urban cities of China. Association of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and economic loss with air pollution-related health effects demand quantitative analysis for correctional measures in air quality. This study applies an epidemiology-based exposure-response function to obtain the quantitative estimate of health impact of particulate matter PM and PM across 190 cities of China during years 2014-2015. The annual average concentration of PM and PM is 57 ± 18 μg/m (ranging from 18 to 119 μg/m) and 97.7 ± 34.2 μg/m (ranging from 33.5 to 252.8 μg/m), respectively. Based on the present study, the total estimated annual premature mortality due to PM is 722,370 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 322,716-987,519], 79% of which accounts for adult cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The premature mortality in megacities is very high, such as Chongqing (25,162/year), Beijing (19,702/year), Shanghai (19,617/year), Tianjin (13,726/year), and Chengdu (12,356/year). PM pollution has caused 1,491,774 (95% CI = 972,770-1,960,303) premature deaths (age >30) in China. Further, 3,614,064 cases of chronic bronchitis (CB); 13,759,894 cases of asthma attack among all ages; 191,709 COPD-related hospital admission (HA) cases; 499,048 respiratory-related HA; 357,816 cerebrovascular HA; and 308,129 cardiovascular-related HA due to PM pollution have been estimated during 2014-2015. Chongqing, Beijing, Baoding, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang are the top five contributors to pollution-related mortality, accounting for 3.10, 2.71, 2.49, 2.20, and 2.02%, respectively, of the total deaths caused by PM pollution. The total DALYs associated with PM and PM pollution in China is 7.2 and 20.66 million in 2014-2015, and mortality and chronic bronchitis shared about 93.3% of the total DALYs for PM. During this period, the economic cost of health impact due to PM is approximately US$304,122 million, which accounts for about 2.94% of China's gross domestic product (GDP). Megacities are expected to contribute relatively more to the total costs. The present methodology could be used as a tool to help policy makers and pollution control board authorities, to further analyze costs and benefits of air pollution management programs in China.

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Section: Dalys Due To Pm 25 and Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Maji

Arora

Dikshit

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…With respect to this, the very recent report "The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution" [29] supplies us with a comprehensive assessment of the regional and global economic consequences of outdoor air pollution for the period 2015-2060. Linking the pollutant emissions to labor productivity, healthcare expenditures and changes in crop yields (market costs) and to mortality and morbidity/illness (non-market costs), the projections are indeed of great concern, even if they are subject to uncertainties.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caspian region (-3.1%) and Eastern Europe (Non-OECD EU -2.7% and Other Europe -2.0%), where air pollution impacts lead to a reduction in capital accumulation and a slowdown in economic growth. In per capita terms, the average global welfare costs from mortality and morbidity are projected to increase from less than USD 500 per person in 2015 to around USD 2 100-2 800 in 2060" [29].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Iorga¹

2016

Air Quality - Measurement and Modeling

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The first section of this chapter provides an up-to-date general view of air pollution/air quality topic. It indicates main pollutants and their sources and impacts and presents and discusses current air quality standards and air quality indexes worldwide; how datasets are acquired, gathered and analyzed and how the measurements are then interpreted are also presented. Recent works containing updated and detailed technical discussions for each issue addressed and additional web resources are mentioned. The great importance of air pollution monitoring is emphasized. Second, in the international context of incomplete information on air pollution in East Europe, the chapter includes a section presenting an assessment of air pollution at some sites in Romania together with its evolution from the beginning of the monitoring up to present. Availability of PM 10 , PM 2.5, NO x , SO 2 and CO concentrations is site and pollutant dependent and varies from 3 to 9 years. Investigation of temporal and spatial variation of pollutant levels, as well as of PM 10 and PM 2.5 relationships with the measured gaseous air pollutants and with meteorological variables, includes correlation and linear regression analysis and temporal-trend analysis; coefficient of divergence was calculated to check up on the air pollution inter-sites' differences and pollutant seasonal variation intra-site.Keywords: air pollution, air quality standards, air quality index, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, temporal trends, East Europe An introduction to air pollution monitoringThe challenge of modern society to take air pollution abatement measures based on scientific knowledge has encouraged the scientists to study the atmospheric composition changes, the short-and long-term pollutant effects and impacts and to simulate air pollution scenarios all over the world. The advances achieved in the field of air pollution during the past decades are © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.due to numerous detailed investigations, the application of a large number of techniques and the acquisition of abundant monitoring data.First, the aim of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date general view of air pollution/air quality topic. Second, in the international context of incomplete information on air pollution in East Europe, the chapter includes a section presenting an updated image of air pollution at some sites in Romania together with its evolution from the beginning of the monitoring up to present.The substances that accumulate in atmosphere in such a concentration and for enough long time that they may harm the living organisms or produce damage to building materials are called pollutants. World Health Organization gives us the following definition of air pollution: "Air pollution is contamina...

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“…Indeed, it can cause damage to the built environment and to cultural heritage through the biodegradation and soiling, caused by the particulate matter, or the fading of colours inducted by O 3 . Finally, air pollution also have negative economic impacts, mainly due to the reduced labour productivity, additional health expenditure and crops or yield losses [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of air pollution time series using complexity-invariant distance and information measures

Amato

Laib

Guignard

et al. 2020

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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Air pollution is known to be a major threat for human and ecosystem health. A proper understanding of the factors generating pollution and of the behavior of air pollution in time is crucial to support the development of effective policies aiming at the reduction of pollutant concentration. This paper considers the hourly time series of three pollutants, namely NO 2 , O 3 and PM 2.5 , collected on sixteen measurement stations in Switzerland. The air pollution patterns due to the location of measurement stations and their relationship with anthropogenic activities, and specifically land use, are studied using two approaches: Fisher-Shannon information plane and complexity-invariant distance between time series. A clustering analysis is used to recognize within the measurements of a same pollutant groups of stations behaving in a similar way. The results clearly demonstrate the relationship between the air pollution probability densities and land use activities.

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The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution

Cited by 140 publications

References 0 publications

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Burden of disease attributed to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in 190 cities in China

Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Analysis of air pollution time series using complexity-invariant distance and information measures

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