The Ecology of Mycobacteria

Kazda, J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4102-4

Cited by 74 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…The sources of other species of mycobacteria isolated from the tissues of pigs originated probably from the external environment, in which they are a natural component of the ecosystem and are capable of multiplying at temperatures higher than 18 to 20°C to concentrations high enough to initiate a pathological process in the lymph node of a pig Pavlik et al, 1999a;Kazda, 2000). They occur in abundance in different samples of the external barn environment (bedding, feed, soil in the runs, drinking water etc.…”

Section: Laboratory Examination Of the Tissues Samples Of Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serotypes 4 to 6, 8 to 11 and 21 belong to this group, not including IS901, but including IS1245 in a greater number than 3 copies (Ritacco et al, 1998). They occur above all in the external environment, where they are capable of multiplying at temperatures above 18 to 20°C Kazda, 2000). The third group consisted of M. intracellulare isolates of the remaining serotypes 7, 12 to 20 and 22 to 28, which do not include any of the above mentioned IS elements and are in practice not virulent for birds (Mĳs et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

Pavlík¹,

Mátlová²,

Dvorská³

et al. 2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In the decade monitored a total of 45 873 318 pigs were slaughtered and examined according to veterinary hygiene standards. Apart from 1991, when results of tuberculous findings were not obtained, tuberculous lesions were found in 134 088 (0.32%) of the 41 458 565 pigs examined in the remaining nine years. During a detailed analysis of the pathological anatomical examination of 190 940 pigs slaughtered in one district, tuberculous lesions in lymph nodes were found in 4 107 (2.2%) pigs: mesenteric (65.3% pigs), submandibular (18.6% pigs), inguinal (0.1% pigs) and simultaneously intestinal and head lymph nodes (15.9% pigs). Miliary tuberculosis was found only in the parenchymatous organs of four (0.1%) pigs. The following financial losses resulted: 6% for confiscating the head, intestines and stomach, and from 22 to 24% for assessing meat as conditionally edible a�er processing, i.e. intended only for heat-processed products. Mycobacteria were isolated from 7 246 (41.8%) pigs through the cultivation of tissue samples from 17 326 pigs. Mycobacterium bovis was detected in only five (0.07%) animals which originated from the last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in ca�le in the Czech Republic in 1995. M. avium complex (MAC) isolates came from 6 870 (94.8%) animals: 55.7% M. a. avium isolates were mainly of serotypes 2 and 3 and genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ and 39.2% M. a. hominissuis isolates were mainly of serotypes 4, 8 and 9 and genotype IS901-and IS1245+. Conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (M. chelonae, M. terrae, M. phlei and M. fortuitum) were isolated from 371 (5.1%) pigs. In the whole period monitored, two marked increases in the findings of tuberculous lesions were recorded: In the mid-1990s as a result of using deep bedding with wood shavings and at the end of the 1990s as a result of supplementing the pigs' feed with peat. The predominant occurrence of M. a. avium isolates of genotype IS901+ and IS1245+ in the first half of the 1990s was replaced above all by M. a. hominissuis isolates of genotype IS901-and IS1245+. The reason for this was probably a change in the sources of infection for pigs. While at the beginning of the 1990s the most frequent source of infection were wild and domestic birds, various parts of the external environment became the source of the infection for pigs from the mid-1990s. In the years 1996 to 1999, Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 203 (11.6%) of the 1 745 animals examined. It was solely isolated from 154 (8.8%) animals and from 49 (2.8%) animals together with mycobacteria.

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Section: Laboratory Examination Of the Tissues Samples Of Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

Pavlík¹,

Mátlová²,

Dvorská³

et al. 2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…PPM are often found in surface water (Kazda, 2000;Matlova et al, 2003Matlova et al, , 2004, which is used for kaolin floating during production. If the final product is damp and the temperature used for its drying is not sufficient to enable safe devitalisation of PPM (Pavlas et al, 1984), there exists a considerable risk of tuberculous lesion formation in pig lymph nodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of kaolin feeding on efficiency, health status and course of diarrhoeal infections caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in weaned piglets

Trčková¹,

Vondruskova²,

Zralý³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of kaolin feeding on health status, body weight gain (BWG), course of diarrhoeal infections caused by enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) and the level of mycobacterial contamination in weaned piglets. The testing was performed in two experiments involving 40 weaned piglets at the age of 28 days. In the infection-free experiment, piglets were fed a diet without (C0) or with 1% content of kaolin (K0) for 20 days. Subsequently, all of them were fed the same diet without kaolin supplementation for 39 days. Identical diets were fed during the infection experiment, and moreover, both groups (CI and KI) were orally infected with ETEC (O141:F18ac, STa+) on Day 1 of experiment. The short-term feeding of kaolin to weaned piglets had a significant positive effect on their BWG. During the period of feeding the kaolin-containing diets, BWG in C0 and K0 were 0.20 and 0.29 kg, respectively (P < 0.05), and in CI and KI 0.13 and 0.19 kg, respectively (P < 0.05). There was no evidence of side effects to their health, neither was there any change in biochemical and haematological profiles. In the infection experiment, a protective effect of kaolin on the course of ETEC infection was evident. Colonization and shedding of ETEC by piglets fed the kaolin diet were milder and had a shorter duration in comparison with control piglets. The culture examination of pure kaolin and kaolin containing diets for mycobacteria were negative. Potentially pathogenic mycobacteria occurring in the environment were isolated from faeces and tissues of pigs. According to these results, supplementation of diets with 1% kaolin to prevent diarrhoea in piglets and to support their growth in the critical post-weaning period could be recommended.

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“…Esse fato encontra respaldo nos achados de Miyamoto et al (2000), em que isolados de Mycobacterium spp sobreviveram à exposição ao cloro em concentração de 4mg/L por mais de 60 minutos, e nos de Vaerewijck et al (2005), em que as MA têm a capacidade de crescimento em baixas concentrações de nutrientes, formação de biofilme e interações com protozoários. Além disso, e de acordo com Kazda (1983), o nível de pureza das águas é importante para a proliferação de micobactérias, que crescem mal onde há grande numero de outros microrganismos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Pesquisa de Micobactérias Ambientais em água de torneira, luvas e soluções utilizadas em procedimentos cirúrgicos no Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas - Manaus/AM

et al. 2009

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RESUMOInvestigou-se por métodos bacteriológicos (cultivo) e moleculares (PCR -Restriction Enzyme Analysis, PRA), a presença de micobactérias ambientais em águas de torneira, soluções e luvas cirúrgicas, utilizadas nas etapas dos procedimentos cirúrgicos executados no centro cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário Getulio Vargas (HUGV), na cidade de Manaus-Amazonas/Brasil. Foram colhidas e analisadas 105 amostras sendo: 24 de águas (colhidas das 2 torneiras existentes no centro cirúrgico), 8 de solução de Povidine e 7 de solução de Clorhexidina, que servem para a higienização das mãos dos cirurgiões; 39 de luvas cirúrgicas (superfícies internas e externas); e 27 de soluções que foram efetivamente utilizadas durante o ato cirúrgico. Por método bacteriológico obteve-se 41 isolados micobacterianos apenas de águas das torneiras. Pelo PRA obteve-se a detecção de DNA micobacteriano somente na amostra de água que forneceu acima de 100 colônias de micobactérias por tubo semeado. Os isolados foram identificados como sendo Mycobacterium celatum perfil 2, M. gordonae perfil 3, M. gordonae perfil 6, M. intracellulare perfil 1, M. lentiflavum perfil 3 e M. mucogenicum perfil 1. O encontro de M. mucogenicum, espécie já incriminada em surtos pós-cirúrgicos, indica que devem ser efetuados procedimentos de limpeza e monitoramento em todos os pontos de distribuição de águas, visando à prevenção de surtos de micobacterioses nosocomiais induzidos pelo uso das águas nas diferentes atividades de manuseio ou higienização dos pacientes submetidos a procedimentos invasivos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Micobactérias Ambientais, MNT, água, soluções anti-sépticas, luvas, procedimentos cirúrgicos. Investigation of Environmental Mycobacteria in tap water, surgical gloves and antiseptic solutions used in surgical procedures at the Getúlio Vargas University Hospital, Manaus-AM/BrazilABSTRACT Using bacteriological (culture) and molecular (PCR -Restriction Enzyme Analysis, PRA) methods, we investigated the presence of environmental mycobacteria in tap water, antiseptic solutions and surgical gloves, used in carrying out surgical procedures at the Getúlio Vargas University Hospital Surgical Center, in Manaus -Amazonas/Brazil. Samples (105) were collected and analyzed from: tap water (24 -collected from 3 taps in the surgical center); povidone-iodine solution, PVP-I, (8); Chlorhexidine solution (7), that were used to hygienize surgeons' hands; surgical gloves (39); and solutions that were effectively used during the surgical procedure (27). Using bacteriological method 41 mycobacteria were isolated, all from samples of tap water. Using PRA, mycobacterial DNA was detected only in the sample from water that provided over 100 colonies per inoculated culture tubes. The isolated were identified as Mycobacterium celatum pattern II, M. gordonae pattern III, M. gordonae pattern VI, M. intracellulare pattern I, M. lentiflavum pattern III and M. mucogenicum pattern I. The isolating of M. mucogenicum, a species that had already been incriminated for causing post-surgical outb...

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The Ecology of Mycobacteria

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999: occurrence, causal factors and economic losses

The effect of kaolin feeding on efficiency, health status and course of diarrhoeal infections caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in weaned piglets

Pesquisa de Micobactérias Ambientais em água de torneira, luvas e soluções utilizadas em procedimentos cirúrgicos no Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas - Manaus/AM

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