The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities

Thompson, Ken A.; Brandvain, Yaniv; Coughlan, Jenn M.; Delmore, Kira E.; Justen, Hannah; Linnen, Catherine R.; Ortiz-Barrientos, Daniel; Rushworth, Catherine A.; Schneemann, Hilde; Schumer, Molly; Stelkens, Rike

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041440

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Additional detailed studies from a broader range of taxa will be needed to accommodate heterogeneity in the importance of sexual isolation. The characterization of sexual isolation in relation to other reproductive barriers (e.g., Dalbosco Dell' Aglio et al 2023;Reifová et al 2023;Thompson et al 2023) is particularly important given its apparent involvement in multiple modes and mechanisms of species divergence, for example, speciation by sexual selection in allopatry, "magic trait" speciation, reinforcement (Yukilevich et al 2023), and other forms of reproductive coupling (Aubier et al 2023;Dopman et al 2023;Ritchie and Butlin 2023). Under all of these mechanisms, it will be necessary to understand the connection between measured reproductive barriers and their relative impacts on gene flow (Sobel and Chen 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Important Is Sexual Isolation to Speciation?

Shaw,

Cooney,

Mendelson

et al. 2024

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Important Is Sexual Isolation to Speciation?

Shaw,

Cooney,

Mendelson

et al. 2024

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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“…This means that alleles from one species can be incompatible with alleles in the heterospecific background, or that hybrid genotypes can outperform parental types in a limited part of the range. This is how the model incorporates the context-dependence that is at the heart of speciation genetics ( Bordenstein and Drapeau 2001 ; Hietpas et al 2013 ; Fragata et al 2019 ; Brice et al 2021 ; Thompson et al 2022 , 2023 ).…”

Section: Fisher’s Geometric Model As a Fitness Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Fisher's Geometric Model as a Tool to Study Speciation

Schneemann,

De Sanctis,

Welch

2024

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Interactions between alleles and across environments play an important role in the fitness of hybrids, and are at the heart of the speciation process. Fitness landscapes capture these interactions and can be used to model hybrid fitness, helping us to interpret empirical observations and clarify verbal models. Here, we review recent progress in understanding hybridization outcomes through Fisher's geometric model, an intuitive and analytically tractable fitness landscape that captures many fitness patterns observed across taxa. We use case studies to illustrate how the model parameters can be estimated from different types of data, and discuss how these estimates can be used to make inferences about the divergence history and genetic architecture. We also highlight some areas where the model's predictions differ from alternative incompatibility-based models, such as the snowball effect and outlier patterns in genome scans.Given eqs. 1 and 2, and the complete set of the a ij and d ij , we can assign a fitness value to all possible genotypes. Moreover, from knowledge of the distributions of the a ij and d ij , we can make predictions about the typical fitnesses of different classes of genotype (see §2.2 below). Note also that the description above encompasses important models of speciation, such as that of Mani and Clarke (1990), even though those authors did not use the term "Fisher's geometric model".A phenotypic model or a fitness landscape?The model described above is often treated primarily as a phenotypic model, and used to study the evolution of quantitative traits -i.e. the evolution of the z i (e.g.

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Genome evolution is surprisingly predictable after initial hybridization

Langdon,

Groh,

Aguillon

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Over the past two decades, evolutionary biologists have come to appreciate that hybridization, or genetic exchange between distinct lineages, is remarkably common – not just in particular lineages but in taxonomic groups across the tree of life. As a result, the genomes of many modern species harbor regions inherited from related species. This observation has raised fundamental questions about the degree to which the genomic outcomes of hybridization are repeatable and the degree to which natural selection drives such repeatability. However, a lack of appropriate systems to answer these questions has limited empirical progress in this area. Here, we leverage independently formed hybrid populations between the swordtail fishXiphophorus birchmanniandX. cortezito address this fundamental question. We find that local ancestry in one hybrid population is remarkably predictive of local ancestry in another, demographically independent hybrid population. Applying newly developed methods, we can attribute much of this repeatability to strong selection in the earliest generations after initial hybridization. We complement these analyses with time-series data that demonstrates that ancestry at regions under selection has remained stable over the past ∼40 generations of evolution. Finally, we compare our results to the well-studiedX. birchmanni×X. malinchehybrid populations and conclude that deeper evolutionary divergence has resulted in stronger selection and higher repeatability in patterns of local ancestry in hybrids betweenX. birchmanniandX. cortezi.

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The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities

Cited by 13 publications

References 325 publications

How Important Is Sexual Isolation to Speciation?

How Important Is Sexual Isolation to Speciation?

Fisher's Geometric Model as a Tool to Study Speciation

Genome evolution is surprisingly predictable after initial hybridization

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