The Ecology of Growth and Development in a Mexican Preindustrial Community Report 1: Method and Findings from Birth to One Month of Age

Cravioto, J; Hg, Birch; E, De Licardie; Rosales, L.; Vega, Lía Rodríguez de la

doi:10.2307/1165682

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Weight gain in preschool children from a tropical community in the state of Tabasco was only 0.5 kg between 1958 and 1971 and the percentage of children showing second and third degree malnutrition (Gomez scale) declined by only 3.6% from 26.1% in 1958 to 22.5% in 197122.5% in (Hernandez et al, 1974. Heights and weights of school children from a rural Mestizo community in the state of Morelos did not change between 1957 and 1965 (Cravioto et al, 1969), while negligible changes in height, sitting height and estimated leg length were apparent among 11-12-year-old middle-class children in Mexico City between the late 1960s and late 1970s (Faulhaber and Villanueva, 1976;Faulhaber, 1989). Though limited, the data suggest that conditions in many regions of Mexico were not conducive to support major secular improvements in the growth status of children in the 1960s and 1970s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of urban school children 6–13 years in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1972 and 2000

Malina

Reyes

Little

2009

American J Hum Biol

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Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of urban school children 6-13 years of age in 1972 and 2000 was compared. The children were resident in the city of Oaxaca and were students in the same primary school in each year. Socioeconomic status (SES) was based on parental occupation. Height, sitting height, estimated leg length, weight, and the body mass index in 218 boys and 191 girls in 1972 and 173 boys and 166 girls in 2000 were compared. Sex-specific MANCOVA was used to evaluate SES differences within each year, while sex- and SES-specific MANCOVA was used to evaluate differences between years. The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity was estimated. There were no SES differences among boys and girls in 1972 and boys in 2000; low-middle and middle SES girls were significantly taller and heavier with longer legs than low SES girls in 2000. Within each SES group, children in 2000 were significantly larger in body size and segment lengths except for sitting height in low SES children of both sexes. Estimated secular gains increased from low to low-middle to middle SES in both sexes. Inequitable gains by SES contributed to an increase in the magnitude of differences between SES groups, especially between low SES children on one hand and low-middle and middle SES children on the other hand. The prevalence of stunting declined while the prevalence of overweight and to a lesser extent in obesity increased from 1972 to 2000, more so in low-middle and middle SES than in low SES children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of urban school children 6–13 years in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1972 and 2000

Malina

Reyes

Little

2009

American J Hum Biol

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“…(2) To what degree are the effects of undemutri-Until the late 1960s, the major strategy tion early in life irreversible, that is, is there a for field research on these questions was to "critical" or "sensitive period" during which compare retrospectively the development of the child is especially vulnerable to loss of malnourished and control infimts, but this appotential for growtii? (3) Is the simple provi-proach entailed considerable difficulties in sion of foodstuffs an effective, and cost-matching the two groups on economic and effective, intervention to reduce the inci-social background (e.g., Cravioto, Birch, De Licardie, Rosales, & Vega, 1969). Large-scale projects were undertaken in the late 1960s and early 1970s to address these problems, but they too experienced self-selection by subjects, differences in baseline measures, and complications in defining the exact nature of the interventions (Chavez, Martinez, & Yachine, 1975;Gopalan, Swaminathan, Kumari, Rao, & Vijayaraghavan, 1973;Graves, 1976;Taylor, Kielmann, De Sweemer, & Uberoi, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of Food Supplementation and Psychosocial Intervention on the Physical Growth of Colombian Infants at Risk of Malnutrition

Mg²,

1990

Child Development

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280 Colombian infants at risk of malnutrition were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups formed by the presence/absence of 2 interventions: (1) food supplementation for the entire family, from mid-pregnancy until the target child was 3 years old, and (2) a twice-weekly home-visiting program to promote cognitive development, from birth until age 3. All families received free medical care and were studied prospectively. At 3 years of age, children who had received food supplementation averaged 2.6 cm and 642 grams larger than controls. Home visiting and supplementation together reduced the number of children with severe growth retardation. 3 years after intervention (age 6), supplementation effects remained. Children in the home visit condition had become larger than controls, by 1.7 cm and 448 grams. The interactive effect to reduce stunting was marginally significant at this age, and the overall distribution of scores was improved. Other results suggest that changes in family functioning as well as biological mechanisms account for the observed pattern of results.

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“…These data were collected as part of a larger study of the ecology of malnutrition and have been previously described in a number of publications (e.g., Cravioto et al, 1969;Johnston et al, 1980aJohnston et al, ,b, 1984. These children do not represent a population in extremis but serve as a reference sample for many ecologically diverse samples prior to modernization.…”

Section: Present Skeletal Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, these children comprise a I-year birth cohort of a rural community in southern Mexico, followed from birth through age 7. A complete description of the community, the study design, and the first month's findings are given by Cravioto et al (1969). Analyses of growth, morbidity, and skeletal maturation have been presented by Condon-Paolini et al (1977) and Johnston et al (19841, and the relationships of growth variation to environmental factors may be seen in Johnston et al (1980a,b).…”

Section: Present Skeletal Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Problems in the aging of skeletal juveniles: Perspectives from maturation assessments of living children

Lampl

Johnston

1996

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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We employ samples of children of known chronological age to demonstrate the significance of random and systematic effects on maturation in both dental and skeletal development. Differences between chronological age for dental age in young healthy Canadian children can be as much as 100% of the actual age of the children. For skeletal development by reference to Greulich-Pyle standards, three samples of known-age children from Mexico document parallel effects: 1) 183 six-year-old children have skeletal-based ages with a 95% confidence interval of 4-8 years; 2) 80% of 217 4.0-4.5-year-old children are underaged by 1-3 years; and 3) 130 children of skeletal age between 39 and 44 months are actually between 4 and 7.4 chronological years of age. The Mexican samples are drawn from a population living under conditions of environmental stress with chronic mild to moderate protein-energy malnutrition and moderate to high levels of infectious disease. These children may parallel those from the past, whose remains are studied by skeletal biologists or paleoanthropologists. Our findings reinforce concerns expressed in extant studies regarding the accuracy of age-at-death reconstructions.

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The Ecology of Growth and Development in a Mexican Preindustrial Community Report 1: Method and Findings from Birth to One Month of Age

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of urban school children 6–13 years in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1972 and 2000

Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of urban school children 6–13 years in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1972 and 2000

Long-Term Effects of Food Supplementation and Psychosocial Intervention on the Physical Growth of Colombian Infants at Risk of Malnutrition

Problems in the aging of skeletal juveniles: Perspectives from maturation assessments of living children

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