The ecology of four annual clovers adventive in New Zealand grasslands

Boswell, C. C.; Lucas, Richard J.; Lonati, Michele; Fletcher, A. L.; Moot, Derrick J.

doi:10.33584/rps.11.2003.3010

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In New Zealand pastures, annual clovers are important where regular moisture deficits limit persistence of white clover. These areas are typically on shallow, stony lowland soils, dry north-facing hills and the inland South Island arid soils (Boswell et al 2003). Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), suckling clover (T. dubium), clustered clover (T. glomeratum) and striated clover (T. striatum) are the four most important annual clovers for sheep/beef farming in these drier areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of clover root weevil larvae on four annual forage legumes

Crush¹,

Ouyang²,

Gerard³

et al. 2007

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The effect of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) (CRW) larval feeding on subterranean, suckling, striated and clustered clovers was compared with white clover in a glasshouse experiment. Growth of suckling, striated, and clustered clover was significantly reduced by CRW, approaching the levels of damage recorded in white clover. N fixation in suckling and clustered clovers was also reduced. Growth and nitrogen fixation of two subterranean clovers (cv. Denmark, cv. Leura) were changed relatively little by CRW larval feeding. The relatively high level of the isoflavonoid biochaninA that was present in subterranean clover roots may explain the species' tolerance of CRW. These results suggest that CRW may not pose a major threat to dryland farming systems based on subterranean clover. Keywords: annual clover, clover root weevil, roots, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium glomeratum, Trifolium striatum, Trifolium subterraneum

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of clover root weevil larvae on four annual forage legumes

Crush¹,

Ouyang²,

Gerard³

et al. 2007

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“…Based on the success of resident annual clovers in similar environments (Boswell et al 2003) recommendations have been made (Moot et al 2012) to trial oversown balansa clover with fertiliser in this environment. For the last 5 years, a 5 ha paddock of top flowering balansa clover has yielded an average of 900 kg seed/ha.…”

Section: On Farm Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment, production and regeneration of subterranean clovers in the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand

Olykan

Lucas

Teixeira

et al. 2018

Journal of NZ Grasslands

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The ‘Red Flats’ on Omarama Station in the Mackenzie Basin, has a winter cold, summer dry environment and soils with low plant available water (<60 mm in the top 1 m), and low pH(H2O) (5.2) and high aluminium (8 mg/kg) below 75 mm. The site received 3 t of lime, 300 kg sulphur-super, boron (B), molybdenum (Mo) and herbicides to eliminate hieracium (Hieracium pilosella). Twelve cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneaum), ‘Bolta’ balansa clover (T. michelianum), and perennial ‘Rossi’ red clover (T. pratense), were direct-drilled in February 2016. Over the next 3 years their frost tolerance, productivity and persistence were compared with the resident haresfoot clover (T. arvense). Balansa and the subterranean clovers all survived the 2016 and 2017 winters. The subterranean clovers maximum yield was 4.3 t DM/ ha after successful germination in February 2016 when sufficient rain extended the spring growing season into November. Subterranean clover cultivars from subspecies subterraneum yielded well in 2016, averaging 3.3 t DM/ha, as did the brachycalycinum ‘Antas’ with 3 t DM/ha. During the short season of 2017, the subterraneum ssp. cultivars ‘Denmark’ and ‘Karridale’ established the highest ground covers and ‘Antas’ the lowest. In 2018, ‘Antas’ had the lowest emergence rate and autumn yield. ‘Karridale’ had the highest re-establishment rate and the yanninicum ‘Trikkala’ the highest autumn yield (1.3 t DM/ha). Cultivars with low hardseededness ratings were the most successful at re-establishment in autumn 2017. Balansa clover was also persistent. In the favourable 2016 growing season the late-flowering resident haresfoot clover grew into early summer and yielded 3.7 t DM/ha. Red clover yielded 1 t DM/ha in 2016, but did not persist. Results suggest that medium-late flowering softer seeded subterranean clover cultivars and ‘Bolta’ balansa clover, are suitable for this environment.

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“…The transcription factor, TaMYB14‐1 , is an R2R3 MYB originally discovered in the related legume Trifolium arvense L., one of the few Trifolium species that produce CTs in their leaves (Hancock et al, 2012). Unfortunately, T. arvense is not persistent in lowland environments and mixed species swards under grazing (Boswell et al, 2003). Knock‐down experiments in T. arvense eliminated CT synthesis and demonstrated the role of TaMYB14‐1 in regulating leaf CT production in this species, and genetic transformation of TaMYB14‐1 into white clover and lucerne showed that expression of this transcription factor was sufficient to elevate CTs in leaves to 1.8% of dry matter (DM) (Hancock et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hunt for the “holy grail”: Condensed tannins in the perennial forage legume white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Caradus¹,

Voisey

Cousin³

et al. 2022

Grass and Forage Science

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Forage legumes such as white and red clover improve the nutritional quality of grazed pasture but can cause bloat. Their rapid fermentation in the rumen also contributes to environmental issues through higher methane emissions and urinary nitrogen losses. Condensed tannins are known to reduce urinary nitrogen and methane production from grazing animals, reduce bloat, reduce internal parasite burden, and improve animal productivity. Several forage legumes including birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin do have good levels of condensed tannins but unfortunately these species fail to persist in intensively grazed pasture systems. Conventional breeding approaches including mutagenesis and phenotypic selection have failed to deliver condensed tannins in legumes, such as white clover, red clover or lucerne, that do persist under grazing. A recent advance using a molecular biology approach has identified a transcription factor or master switch that can 'turn on' the condensed tannin pathway present in white clover allowing biologically significant levels of condensed tannin expression in leaf tissue. In vitro tests have demonstrated that the condensed tannins produced in white clover leaves can bind protein at a pH 6.5, as found in the rumen, and then release them at pH 2.5, the pH in the abomasum, before entering the small intestine for amino acid absorption. Additional tests have demonstrated that these condensed tannins can reduce methane production by up to 15.7% in the first 6 h of incubation. The journey to this point, and the challenges ahead to deliver white clover cultivars with condensed tannin expression, is described.

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The ecology of four annual clovers adventive in New Zealand grasslands

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of clover root weevil larvae on four annual forage legumes

Effect of clover root weevil larvae on four annual forage legumes

Establishment, production and regeneration of subterranean clovers in the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand

The hunt for the “holy grail”: Condensed tannins in the perennial forage legume white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

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