2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00520.x
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The Ecology of Asymmetry in Stickleback Defense Structures

Abstract: Slight departures from bilateral symmetry are usually associated with reduced fitness. Here we show that an insular freshwater population of Gasterosteus aculeatus exhibits spatial and temporal segregation according to the incidence and direction of asymmetry in the number of bony lateral plates, which are important predator-defense structures. We analyzed 11,263 fish collected from 19 full lake transects over three years, and found that signed asymmetries for plate number were slightly left-side biased. Asymm… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(21 citation statements)
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References 76 publications
(110 reference statements)
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“…In their population there was a left side bias making the trend opposite to that found in the present study. DA in stickleback lateral plates could be due to interactions with predators or to basic biases in vertebrate developmental pathways [28]. Reimchen and Bergstrom [28] suggested that lateral plate DA may be a result of left/right biases in capture techniques of avian predators.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In their population there was a left side bias making the trend opposite to that found in the present study. DA in stickleback lateral plates could be due to interactions with predators or to basic biases in vertebrate developmental pathways [28]. Reimchen and Bergstrom [28] suggested that lateral plate DA may be a result of left/right biases in capture techniques of avian predators.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…DA in stickleback lateral plates could be due to interactions with predators or to basic biases in vertebrate developmental pathways [28]. Reimchen and Bergstrom [28] suggested that lateral plate DA may be a result of left/right biases in capture techniques of avian predators. If this is correct, our study would suggest that major predators of European populations use different capture techniques, or that the escape movement of fish is biased in opposite directions in Europe and North America.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Individuals, thus, might face a tradeoff between morphological anti-predator responses and attractiveness. On the other hand, significant departures from bilateral symmetry might also be explained by direct selection (Reimchen and Bergstrom 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…… comparison of levels of FA among traits within single species may reveal differences in the strength of selection for canalization of different traits: presumably, characters of greater functional significance to the organism would be subject to stronger selection for Hechter et al (2000), Moodie (1977) Gasterosteus aculeatus N, A Bakker et al (2006), Bergstrom and Reimchen (2000, Mazzi and Bakker (2001), Moodie and Reimchen (1976), Prieto et al (2005), Reimchen (1997), Reimchen and Bergstrom (2009), Reimchen and Nosil (2001a, b), Reimchen et al (2008), Robinson and Wardrop (2002), Ryabov and Kryshev (1991) Beacham (1990)*, Bengtsson et al (1985)*, Campbell (2000), Campbell and Emlen (1996), Campbell et al (1998), Chebotareva and Izyumov (2001) (2001), Pecinkova et al (2007) canalization. In other words, differences in FA among characters may provide a way of ranking traits in terms of their functional significance to an organism with little or no a priori knowledge of how those characters actually function.…”
Section: Coregonus Lavaretusmentioning
confidence: 99%