The Ecology, Biology and Pathogenesis of Acinetobacter spp.: An Overview

Abstract

Acinetobacter are a major concern because of their rapid development of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials, and rapid profundity in transformation, surviving desiccation and persistinge in the environment for a very long time. The organisms are associated with bacteraemia, pulmonary infections, meningitis, diarrhea and notorious nosocomial infections with mortality rates of 20 to 60%. Transmission is via person-to-person contact, water and food contamination, and contaminated hospital equipment. The increasing virulence and rapid development of multidrug resistance by these organisms highlights the need to search for alternatives for chemotherapy. A poor understanding of the organisms and dearth of information about their occurrence especially in developing countries informed the need for this review paper.

Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter lwoffii - the emerging fish pathogens

“…Previously, A. baumanii has also been reported as the most commonly resistant species to these antibiotics (26). Ampicillin and second generation cephalosporins were previously used to treat Acinetobacter infections (10). This indicates that the resistance to these antibiotics is not natural but it has been acquired.…”

“…Colonies are generally non-pigmented, pale yellow, or grayish-white. The bacteria are strictly aerobic, catalase positive, and oxidase negative (10,19). The members of Acinetobacter are widely distributed in the nature.…”

Hygienemaßnahmen bei Infektionen oder Besiedlung mit multiresistenten gramnegativen Stäbchen

“…Demgegenüber fanden Seifert et al nur in 1 % der Patienten eine Besiedelung der Haut mit A. baumannii [310]. Die Rolle der Besiedelung des Gastrointestinaltrakts mit A. baumannii wird ebenfalls kontrovers diskutiert [311]. Corbella et al zeigten, dass 41 % der Patienten einer Intensivstation im Laufe ihres Aufenthaltes gastrointestinal mit A. baumannii besiedelt waren, wobei bei 10 % der Patienten die Besiedelung bereits bei Aufnahme bestand [312].…”

Prevalence Acinetobacter spp. in Kemerovo Region Healthcare Settings

“…В последнее десятилетие частота инфек-ций, вызванных бактериями рода Acinetobacter, значительно увеличилась, описаны многочислен-ные вспышки в медицинских организациях [3][4][5]. Виды Acinetobacter являются убиквитарными, способны доминировать во многих экологиче-ских нишах [6], широко распространены в природе и обнаруживаются в илистой почве, на участках, загрязненных углеводородами, в сточных водах, а также на растениях (в том числе овощах), у жи-вотных и людей [7]. Acinetobacter spp.…”