The ecology and management of wood in rivers

Gregory, Susan; Boyer, Katharyn E.; Gurnell, Angela M.

doi:10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0663:teamow>2.0.co;2

Cited by 89 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…Both genera were found exclusively at the preserve sites in our study, although our inconsistent temperature data preclude definite conclusions. More importantly, the coarse allochthonous input from riparian vegetation is crucial for normal stream processing (Wallace et al 1997;Gregory et al 2003;Li and Dudgeon 2008). Shredders in particular are dependent on allochthonous input; thus, an increase in such input promotes higher shredder diversity (Hieber and Gessner 2002;Houghton 2007;Moline and Poff 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological changes along the continuum of an agricultural stream: influence of a small terrestrial preserve and use of adult caddisflies in biomonitoring

Houghton

Berry

Gilchrist

et al. 2011

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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We monitored benthic macroinvertebrates and adult caddisflies along an agricultural stream continuum upstream, within, and downstream of a small forested preserve. The habitat upstream of all sites was 460% disturbed by agricultural activities. The percentage of riparian disturbance was markedly lower adjacent to the sites inside the preserve than those outside. Water physicochemical factors did not exhibit clear changes among sites, except for nitrate concentration, which was highest upstream of the preserve. Biological diversity of adult caddisflies was significantly higher within the preserve. Biological diversity of benthic invertebrates exhibited similar results except for non-significance between the upstream and preserve sites. Pollution tolerance and percentage of filtering collector metrics were unchanged among sites for both assemblages. The percentage of adult caddisflies in the shredder functional group increased significantly within the preserve but remained small relative to that of pollution-tolerant filtering collectors. The small terrestrial preserve promoted a three-fold increase in species diversity, even without corresponding changes in water quality or trophic structure. Such an increase, however, may not be as detectable with traditional benthic biomonitoring techniques due to the difficulties of sampling benthic microhabitats representatively and identifying specimens to the species level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological changes along the continuum of an agricultural stream: influence of a small terrestrial preserve and use of adult caddisflies in biomonitoring

Houghton

Berry

Gilchrist

et al. 2011

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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“…Wood pieces provide stable substrate for invertebrates and biofilms, entrap leaves and other organic matter, afford overhead cover for fish, promote hyporheic exchange flow and transient storage, enhance hydraulic heterogeneity, and encourage pool formation and channel meandering [Angermeier and Karr, 1984;Beechie and Sibley, 1997;Gregory et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2003;Mutz and Rohde, 2003;Eggert and Wallace, 2007;Stofleth et al, 2008]. The frequency and character of wood inputs varies in space and time [Latterell and Naiman, 2007;Golladay et al, 2007] and is strongly affected by riparian management [Flebbe and Dolloff, 1995;Angradi et al, 2004;Kreutzweiser et al, 2005;Czarnomski et al, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

Merten

Finlay

Johnson³

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

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[1] Natural pieces of wood provide a variety of ecosystem functions in streams including habitat, organic matter retention, increased hyporheic exchange and transient storage, and enhanced hydraulic and geomorphic heterogeneity. Wood mobilization is a critical process in determining the residence time of wood. We documented the characteristics and locations of 865 natural wood pieces (>0.05 m in diameter for a portion >1 m in length) in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. We determined the locations of the pieces again after an overbank stormflow event to determine the factors that influenced mobilization of stationary wood pieces in natural streams. Seven of 11 potential predictor variables were identified with multiple logistic regression as significant to mobilization: burial, effective depth, ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio), bracing, rootwad presence, downstream force ratio, and draft ratio. The final model (P < 0.001, r 2 = 0.39) indicated that wood mobilization under natural conditions is a complex function of both mechanical factors (burial, length ratio, bracing, rootwad presence, draft ratio) and hydraulic factors (effective depth, downstream force ratio). If stable pieces are a goal for stream management then features such as partial burial, low effective depth, high length relative to channel width, bracing against other objects (e.g., stream banks, trees, rocks, or larger wood pieces), and rootwads are desirable. Using the model equation from this study, stewards of natural resources can better manage in-stream wood for the benefit of stream ecosystems.

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“…Dead trees and branches are now known to play key roles in forest ecology and hydrology (Gregory et al 2003), including regulating biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other nutrients (Harmon et al 1986), providing important species-specific habitats (Flebbe 1999), and creating structure in stream channels (Montgomery et al 2003). Some woody material can also be exported from forests, but this process has not been quantified in such a way to make it possible to assess the effect both on downstream environments and on biogeochemical cycles from the regional to global scale.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mobilization and transport of coarse woody debris to the oceans triggered by an extreme tropical storm

West

Lin

et al. 2010

Limnology & Oceanography

175

177

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A significant consequence of Typhoon Morakot in August 2009 was the production of vast volumes of driftwood in Pacific Asia. We have quantified the flux of this coarse woody debris (CWD) to the oceans from typhoontriggered landslides in Taiwan, where Morakot made landfall, by combining remote sensing (using FORMOSAT-2 imagery and aerial photography), analysis of forest biomass, and field observations. A total of 3.8-8.4 Tg CWD was transported to the oceans, carrying 1.8-4.0 Tg of organic carbon. In addition to the local effects on the marine and coastal environment from such a highly concentrated flux of carbon and nutrients, storm-driven mobilization of CWD may represent a significant, if infrequent, transfer of terrestrial biomass to the oceans. If the frequency of relatively rare, extreme storms such as Morakot increases in a changing climate, this transport mechanism may play an important role in feedbacks between global climate, storm intensity, and carbon cycling.

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The ecology and management of wood in rivers

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Biological changes along the continuum of an agricultural stream: influence of a small terrestrial preserve and use of adult caddisflies in biomonitoring

Biological changes along the continuum of an agricultural stream: influence of a small terrestrial preserve and use of adult caddisflies in biomonitoring

Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

Mobilization and transport of coarse woody debris to the oceans triggered by an extreme tropical storm

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