The Ecological Risk Assessment of Mercury Contamination in a Mangrove Ecosystem of the Segara Anakan Cilacap, Indonesia

Abstract

Ecological risk assessment of mercury contaminant has a means to analyze the ecological risk aspect of ecosystem using the potential impact of mercury pollution in soil, water and organism. The ecological risk assessment in a coastal area can be shown by mangrove zonation, clustering and interpolation of mercury accumulation. This research aims to analyze ecological risk assessment of potential mercury (including bioaccumulation and translocation) using indicators of species distribution, clustering, zonation and interpolation of mercury accumulation. The results showed that the Segara Anakan had a high risk of mercury pollution, using indicators like as the potential of mercury contaminant in water body was 0137±0.0137 ppm, substrate and sediment were 0.0134±0.0212 ppm. To reduce the impact of mercury pollution could be conducted by mangrove planting, following the ability of mercury accumulation in stem and bark between 0.011 and 0.064 ppm, in mangrove roots between 0.0260 and 0.0690 ppm and in mangrove leaves between 0.0020 and 0.0120 ppm,. The second indicator of mangrove ability to reduce the impact of mercury contaminant used the indicator of bioaccumulation factors, which had a range between 0.0210 and 0.4751, and the translocation factors were between 0.0459 and 1.0547. The results also showed that: Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora apiculate, Rhizophora mucronata and Nypa frutican had a good ability to accumulate and reduce the impact of mercury contamination.

Mangrove Landscaping As An Adaptation Pattern To Reduce The Impact of Climate Change in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap Regency Indonesia

“…However, current ecological conditions and climate change have still threatened the stability and area of mangrove and lagoon ecosystems in SAL. For example, the data from 1978 to 2016 shows that the lagoon has reduced from 4186,45 Ha in 1978 to 1482, 75 Ha in 2016 36. Several studies also reported that the degradation of mangroves in Cilacap and SAL is caused by high sedimentation rates 33,36 , high levels of pollution 5,37,38 and tidal inundation3, anthropogenic factors including logging and conversion 2,39 as well as climate change 2,40,41.…”

“…The mangrove landscape is specific pattern of mangroves species to increase the ability and adaptability to live and grow in changing environmental and climatic conditions. In contrast, the some research results also develop mangrove landscaping models, for example the mangrove landscape to reduce coastal disaster risk 1 , reducing heavy metal pollution risk 38 and carbon conservation 42, this landscaping model emphasizes mangroves' ability to mitigate climate and environmental change. As a conservation activity, this method aims to decrease the vulnerability of the mangrove ecosystem, support primary productivity, and reduce the impact of sea waves, sea tides, and water inundation 29,30,43,44. Therefore, this study aims to develop mangrove landscaping as an adaptation pattern to reduce the impact of the sea wave, currents, and water inundation.…”