The ecological fallacy in a time series context: evidence from Spanish regional unemployment rates

Duque, Juan Carlos; Artı́s, Manuel; Ramos, Raúl

doi:10.1007/s10109-006-0033-x

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A proper alternative is to use analytical regions, spatial units that fulfill specific criteria that are relevant to the phenomena under study: size, shape, or attribute homogeneity (Juan Carlos Duque, Artís, & Ramos, 2006;Weeks, Hill, Stow, Getis, & Fugate, 2007). Analytical regions were delineated by grouping the administrative neighborhoods using the Max-PRegions algorithm in ClusterPy software (Juan C. Duque, Dev, Betancourt, & Franco, 2011;Juan Carlos Duque, Anselin, & Rey, 2012).…”

Section: Spatial Unit Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout

et al. 2014

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ElsevierPatiño Quinchía, JE.; Juan Carlos Duque; Pardo Pascual, JE.; Ruiz Fernández, LÁ. (2014). Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout. Applied Geography. 55:48-60. doi:10.1016Geography. 55:48-60. doi:10. /j.apgeog.2014 Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout AbstractThe link between place and crime is at the base of social ecology theories of crime that focus in the relationship of the characteristics of geographical areas and crime rates. The broken windows theory states that visible cues of physical and social disorder in a neighborhood can lead to an increase in more serious crime. The crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) planning approach seeks to deter criminal behavior by creating defensible spaces. Based on the premise that a settlement's appearance is a reflection of the society, we ask whether a neighborhood's design has a quantifiable imprint when seen from space using urban fabric descriptors computed from very high spatial-resolution imagery. We tested which land cover, structure and texture descriptors were significantly related to intra-urban homicide rates in Medellin, Colombia, while controlling for socioeconomic confounders. The percentage of impervious surfaces other than clay roofs, the fraction of clay roofs to impervious surfaces, two structure descriptors related to the homogeneity of the urban layout, and the uniformity texture descriptor were all statistically significant. Areas with higher homicide rates tended to have higher local variation and less general homogeneity; that is, the urban layouts were more crowded and cluttered, with small dwellings with different roofing materials located in close proximity to one another, and these regions often lacked other homogeneous surfaces such as open green spaces, wide roads, or large facilities. These results seem to be in agreement with the broken windows theory and CPTED in the sense that more heterogeneous and disordered urban layouts are associated with higher homicide rates.

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Section: Spatial Unit Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout

et al. 2014

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“…estados-en unas más grandes -e. g. Regiones-se relaciona con la necesidad de crear unidades de análisis que tengan un mayor significado, ya sea para reducir las diferencias de la población, disminuir los efectos de las observaciones atípicas y/o facilitar la visualización y la interpretación de la información en mapas. (Duque, et al 2006). Ello implica igualmente que en términos de medición aquellos agrupamientos con una mayor homogeneidad intrarregional reducen el sesgo inducido por la agregación.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Polarización espacial y dinámicas de la desigualdad intrarregional en México

Gutiérrez¹,

Rey²

2009

RPD

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Un aspecto central en el estudio de las disparidades regionales en México es la potencial nivelación entre las desigualdades económicas y las espaciales. Tal preocupación original se encuentra asociada con la acentuación de los antagonismos regionales y la generación de focos de tensión política y social. Al respecto, existe un especial interés por entender la heterogeneidad espacial, es decir, cómo ciertos procesos difieren entre regiones y en qué medida las unidades espaciales —estados, municipios, ciudades, regiones, etcétera— pudieran influirse mutuamente en la adopción de ciertas prácticas sociales y económicas, condicionando con ello su respuesta dinámica dentro del sistema regional. El análisis de estos temas se ha diluido en la literatura bajo el actual sesgo metodológico y teórico. A pesar de que varios estudios en México reflejan la preocupación por el cambio espacial, hay grandes rezagos debido a la falta de la consideración de métodos espacialmente explícitos de análisis de datos.

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“…Intuitively, a higher level of spatial autocorrelation should correspond to a lower amount of the required DFJ constraints, because the spatial clusters would tend to emerge naturally. Some arguments in this vein, albeit without any computational evidence, have been presented by Openshaw and Wymer () and Duque, Artís, and Ramos () for non‐exact spatial clustering. We also explore the relationship between the benefits derived from the DFJ constraints and the parameter p (number of regions) for a fixed number of areas n .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Performance of the Subtour Elimination Constraints Approach for the p‐Regions Problem: A Computational Study

Duque

Vélez-Gallego

Echeverri

2017

Geographical Analysis

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The p-regions is a mixed integer programming (MIP) model for the exhaustive clustering of a set of n geographic areas into p spatially contiguous regions while minimizing measures of intraregional heterogeneity. This is an NP-hard problem that requires a constant research of strategies to increase the size of instances that can be solved using exact optimization techniques. In this article, we explore the benefits of an iterative process that begins by solving the relaxed version of the p-regions that removes the constraints that guarantee the spatial contiguity of the regions. Then, additional constraints are incorporated iteratively to solve spatial discontinuities in the regions. In particular we explore the relationship between the level of spatial autocorrelation of the aggregation variable and the benefits obtained from this iterative process. The results show that high levels of spatial autocorrelation reduce computational times because the spatial patterns tend to create spatially contiguous regions. However, we found that the greatest benefits are obtained in two situations: (1) when n=p ! 3; and (2) when the parameter p is close to the number of clusters in the spatial pattern of the aggregation variable.

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The ecological fallacy in a time series context: evidence from Spanish regional unemployment rates

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout

Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout

Polarización espacial y dinámicas de la desigualdad intrarregional en México

On the Performance of the Subtour Elimination Constraints Approach for the p‐Regions Problem: A Computational Study

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