The eco- in eco-epidemiology

March, Dana; Süsser, Ezra

doi:10.1093/ije/dyl249

Cited by 77 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As with our bird study, proper controlled experiments on humans regarding effects of unhealthy diet or smoking are considered unethical and cannot be done. Epidemiology has long recognized the weakness of the correlative nature of its investigations for identifying the biological and behavioural causes of disease (Galea et al 2010;Hill 1965;March and Susser 2006). Still, it is possible to discover cause-effect relationships from purely observational data (Pearl and Verma 1991).…”

Section: Understanding Causality: a Comparison With Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chance, Variation and the Nature of Causality in Ecological Communities

Kroon

Jongejans

2016

The Frontiers Collection

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Chance is pervasive in nature. Erratic events such as storms and fires can cause major damage to an ecosystem. Rare successful long distance dispersal events like a viable seed landing in just the right habitat can form the stepping stone for range expansion of a plant species. Illustrated with two examples we argue that in ecology chance events are scale-dependent. We show how random stochastic variation in species interactions may result in relative stability at a higher community level. In other systems the reverse may take place, in which deterministic interactions result in unpredictable chaotic dynamics. Analysing the processes and dynamics at these different scales has led to an increasing mechanistic understanding of the variation in ecological communities in space and time. Unambiguous identification of cause and effect relations from this work is of the greatest importance, as many ecosystems in the world are not amenable to experimentation. This work should form the scientific basis for identifying the threats to ecosystems and defining proper conservation and mitigation measures.

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Section: Understanding Causality: a Comparison With Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chance, Variation and the Nature of Causality in Ecological Communities

Kroon

Jongejans

2016

The Frontiers Collection

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“…This clearly presents new challenges not only to current epidemiological methods regarding disease causation, but also to the type of approaches required to reliably investigate climate-health relationships (Baker and Nieuwenhuijsen 2008;March and Susser 2006;McMichael 1999;Pekkanen and Pearce 2001). Here, our aim is to review some key challenges that climate change presents to epidemiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change epidemiology: methodological challenges

Xun

Khan

Michael

et al. 2009

Int J Public Health

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Climate change is now thought to be unequivocal, while its potential effects on global and public health cannot be ignored. However, the complexities of the causal webs, the dynamics of the interactions and unpredictability mean that climate change presents new challenges to epidemiology and magnifies existing methodological problems. This article reviews a number of such challenges, including topics such as exposure assessment, bias, confounding, causal complexities and uncertainties, with examples and recommendations provided where appropriate. Hence, epidemiology must continue to adapt by developing new approaches and the integration of other disciplines such as geography and climatology, with an emphasis on informing policy-making and disseminating knowledge beyond the field.

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“…Différentes approches sont nécessaires pour identifier à chacun de ces niveaux, les processus causals et examiner comment un processus à un niveau (moléculaire ou social) pourrait se manifester à un autre niveau (maladie chez un individu) [33]. Comme science de la santé publique, l'épidémiologie a la lourde tâche de continuer à intégrer les résultats des recherches qui sont menées par des disciplines parfois concurrentes, à la fois biologiques et sociales [34], afin de mettre en place des actions de prévention les plus efficaces possibles face aux problèmes globaux de santé. ‡ SUMMARY Eco-epidemiology: towards epidemiology of complexity In order to solve public health problems posed by the epidemiology of risk factors centered on the individual and neglecting the causal processes linking the risk factors with the health outcomes, Mervyn Susser proposed a multilevel epidemiology called eco-epidemiology, addressing the interdependence of individuals and their connection with molecular, individual, societal, environmental levels of organization participating in the causal disease processes.…”

Section: Développement De L'éco-épidémiologieunclassified

L’éco-épidémiologie

Bizouarn

2016

Med Sci (Paris)

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The eco- in eco-epidemiology

Cited by 77 publications

References 43 publications

Chance, Variation and the Nature of Causality in Ecological Communities

Chance, Variation and the Nature of Causality in Ecological Communities

Climate change epidemiology: methodological challenges

L’éco-épidémiologie

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