The EBLM Project—From False Positives to Benchmark Stars and Circumbinary Exoplanets

Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Martin, David V.

doi:10.3390/universe9120498

Universe

2023

DOI: 10.3390/universe9120498

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The EBLM Project—From False Positives to Benchmark Stars and Circumbinary Exoplanets

Pierre F. L. Maxted,

Amaury H. M. J. Triaud,

David V. Martin

Abstract: The EBLM project aims to characterise very-low-mass stars that are companions to solar-type stars in eclipsing binaries. We describe the history and motivation for this project, the methodology we use to obtain the precise mass, radius, and effective temperature estimates for very-low-mass M dwarfs, and review the results of the EBLM study and those from related projects. We show that radius inflation in fully convective stars is a more subtle effect than what was previously thought based on less precise measu… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 206 publications

(280 reference statements)

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Five new eclipsing binaries with low-mass companions

Lipták,

Skarka,

Guenther

et al. 2024

A&A

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Precise space-based photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite results in a huge number of exoplanetary candidates. However, the masses of these objects are unknown and must be determined by ground-based spectroscopic follow-up observations, frequently revealing the companions to be low-mass stars rather than exoplanets. We present the first orbital and stellar parameter solutions for five such eclipsing binary-star systems using radial-velocity follow-up measurements together with spectral-energy-distribution solutions. TOI-416 and TOI-1143 are totally eclipsing F+M star systems with well-determined secondary masses, radii, and temperatures. TOI-416 is a circular system with an F6 primary and a secondary with a mass of $M_2= M_ odot $. TOI-1143 consists of an F6 primary with an $M_2= M_ odot $ secondary on an eccentric orbit with a third companion. With respect to the other systems, TOI-1153 shows ellipsoidal variations, TOI-1615 contains a pulsating primary, and TOI-1788 has a spotted primary, while all have moderate mass ratios of 0.2-0.4. However, these systems are in a grazing configuration, which limits their full description. The parameters of TOI-416B and TOI-1143B are suitable for the calibration of the radius-mass relation for dwarf stars.

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Five new eclipsing binaries with low-mass companions

Lipták,

Skarka,

Guenther

et al. 2024

A&A

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show abstract

The benchmark M dwarf eclipsing binary CM Draconis with TESS: spots, flares, and ultra-precise parameters

Martin,

Sethi,

Armitage

et al. 2024

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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A gold standard for the study of M dwarfs is the eclipsing binary CM Draconis. It is rare because it is bright (Jmag = 8.5) and contains twin fully convective stars on an almost perfectly edge-on orbit. Both masses and radii were previously measured to better than 1 per cent precision, amongst the best known. We use 15 sectors of TESS data to show that CM Draconis is the gift that keeps on giving. Our paper has three main components. First, we present updated parameters, with radii and masses constrained to previously unheard of precisions of ≈0.06 per cent and ≈0.12 per cent, respectively. Second, we discover strong and variable spot modulation, suggestive of spot clustering and an activity cycle on the order of ≈4 years. Third, we discover 163 flares. We find a relationship between the spot modulation and flare rate, with flares more likely to occur when the stars appear brighter. This may be due to a positive correlation between flares and the occurrence of bright spots (plages). The flare rate is surprisingly not reduced during eclipse, but one flare may show evidence of being occulted. We suggest the flares may be preferentially polar, which has positive implications for the habitability of planets orbiting M dwarfs.

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Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars – V. The circumbinary planet system EBLM J0608–59

Maxted,

Miller,

Sebastian

et al. 2024

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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EBLM J0608$-$59/TOI-1338/BEBOP-1 is a 12$^{\rm th}$-magnitude, F9 V star in an eclipsing binary with a much fainter M dwarf companion on a wide, eccentric orbit (P = 14.6 d). The binary is orbited by two circumbinary planets: one transiting on a 95-d orbit and one non-transiting on a 215-d orbit. We have used high-precision photometry from the TESS mission combined with direct mass measurements for the two stars published recently to measure the following model-independent radii: $R_1 = 1.32 \pm 0.02 {\rm R}_{\odot }$, $R_2 = 0.309 \pm 0.004 {\rm R}_{\odot }$. Using $R_1$ and the parallax from Gaia EDR3, we find that this star’s angular diameter is $\theta = 0.0309 \pm 0.0005$ mas. The apparent bolometric flux of the primary star corrected for both extinction and the contribution from the M dwarf ($\lt 0.4$ per cent) is ${\mathcal {F}}_{{\oplus },0} = (0.417\pm 0.005)\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. Hence, this F9 V star has an effective temperature $T_{\rm eff,1} = 6031{\rm \, K} \pm 46{\rm \, K\, (rnd.)} \pm 10 {\rm \, K\, (sys.)}$. EBLM J0608$-$59 is an ideal benchmark star that can be added to the sample of such systems we are establishing for ‘end-to-end’ tests of the stellar parameters measured by large-scale spectroscopic surveys.

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The EBLM Project—From False Positives to Benchmark Stars and Circumbinary Exoplanets

Cited by 3 publications

References 206 publications

Five new eclipsing binaries with low-mass companions

Five new eclipsing binaries with low-mass companions

The benchmark M dwarf eclipsing binary CM Draconis with TESS: spots, flares, and ultra-precise parameters

Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars – V. The circumbinary planet system EBLM J0608–59

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