The earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. Part I: description and performance for present-day conditions

Montoya, Marisa; Griesel, Alexa; Levermann, Anders; Mignot, Juliette; Hofmann, Matthias; Ganopolski, Andrey; Rahmstorf, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0044-1

Cited by 101 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…As a result, they are often computationally expensive to run, especially for long-term and multiple simulations (Jones et al, 2005). Climate system models of intermediate complexity are faster models which have been successfully used in paleo-climate studies (e.g., Wang and Mysak, 2000;Wang et al, 2005a;Montoya et al, 2005). Such models are fast because of low spatial resolution and simplified representation of some physics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration

Zhou

Wen

et al. 2008

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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However, by virtue of reduced horizontal resolution and increased time-step of the most time-consuming atmospheric component, it runs faster by a factor of 3 and can serve as a useful tool for longterm and large-ensemble integrations. A 1000-year control simulation of the present-day climate has been completed without flux adjustments. The final 600 years of this simulation has virtually no trends in global mean sea surface temperatures and is recommended for internal variability studies. Several aspects of the control simulation's mean climate and variability are evaluated against the observational or reanalysis data. The strengths and weaknesses of the control simulation are evaluated. The mean atmospheric circulation is well simulated, except in high latitudes. The Asian-Australian monsoonal meridional cell shows realistic features, however, an artificial rainfall center is located to the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau persists throughout the year. The mean bias of SST resembles that of the standard version, appearing as a "double ITCZ" (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) associated with a westward extension of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue. The sea ice extent is acceptable but has a higher concentration. The strength of Atlantic meridional overturning is 27.5 Sv. Evidence from the 600-year simulation suggests a modulation of internal variability on ENSO frequency, since both regular and irregular oscillations of ENSO are found during the different time periods of the long-term simulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration

Zhou

Wen

et al. 2008

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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“…To be able to assess the sensitivity of the Devonian climate to a wide range of parameters, we use a relatively fast coupled Earth-system model of intermediate complexity (Montoya et al, 2005 Table 1. Overview of simulations investigating the sensitivity of the Devonian climate system to various parameters.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oscillations like the one described here could in principle also result from numerical instabilities caused by a long simulation timestep (12 h by default), the splitting of tracer and dynamic timesteps employed in our ocean model (Montoya et al, 2005) or by rounding errors due to optimisation during code compilation. We have performed a large set of test experiments including 5 simulations with short timesteps (as low as 1 h) and without splitting of ocean timesteps, experiments on different platforms and with different compiler versions and optimisation settings to verify that the oscillations described above are a real phenomenon rather than a numerical artefact.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

On the sensitivity of the Devonian climate to continental configuration, vegetation cover and insolation

Brugger

Hofmann

Petri

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. During the Devonian period (419 to 359 million years ago), life on Earth witnessed decisive evolutionary breakthroughs, most prominently the colonisation of land by vascular plants and vertebrates. At the same time, it is also a period of major marine extinction events coinciding with marked changes in climate. There is limited knowledge about the causes of these changes and their interactions. It is therefore instructive to explore systematically how the Devonian climate system responds to changes in critical boundary conditions. Here we use coupled climate-model simulations to investigate separately 5 the influence of changes in orbital parameters, continental configuration and vegetation cover on the Devonian climate. Variations of Earth's orbital parameters affect the Devonian climate system, with the warmest climate states at high obliquity and high eccentricity, but the amplitude of global temperature differences is smaller than suggested by an earlier study based on an uncoupled atmosphere model. The prevailing mode of climate variability on decadal to centennial timescales relates to surface air temperature fluctuations in high northern latitudes which are mediated by coupled oscillations involving sea-ice cover, 10 ocean convection and a regional overturning circulation in the Arctic. Furthermore, we find only a small biogeophysical effect of changes in vegetation cover on global climate during the Devonian, and the impact of changes in continental configuration is small as well. Assuming decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the Devonian, we then set up model runs representing the Early, Middle and Late Devonian. Comparing the simulations for these timeslices, the temperature evolution is dominated by the strong decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide. In particular, the albedo change due to the in-15 crease in land vegetation alone cannot explain the temperature rise found in Late Devonian proxy data which remains difficult to reconcile with reconstructed falling carbon-dioxide levels. Simulated temperatures are significantly lower than estimates based on oxygen-isotope ratios, suggesting a lower δ 18O ratio of Devonian seawater.Copyright statement.

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“…The model used in this study is CLIMBER-3α (Montoya et al, 2005). Its atmospheric component is a 2.5-dimensional statistical-dynamical model based on the assumption of a universal vertical structure of temperature and humidity in the atmosphere, with a horizontal resolution of 7.5 • × 22.5 • (Petoukhov et al, 2000).…”

Section: Model and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CO<sub>2</sub> and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change

2012

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Abstract. The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evidence. Although the implication of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations in glacial abrupt climate change seems robust nowadays, the final cause of these reorganisations remains unclear. Here, the role of CO 2 and Southern Ocean winds is investigated using a coupled model of intermediate complexity in an experimental setup designed such that the climate system resides close to a threshold found in previous studies. An initial abrupt surface air temperature (SAT) increase over the North Atlantic by 4 K in less than a decade, followed by a more gradual warming greater than 10 K on centennial timescales, is simulated in response to increasing atmospheric CO 2 levels and/or enhancing southern westerlies. The simulated peak warming shows a similar pattern and amplitude over Greenland as registered in ice core records of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events. This is accompanied by a strong Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) intensification. The AMOC strengthening is found to be caused by a northward shift of NADW formation sites into the Nordic Seas as a result of a northward retreat of the sea-ice front in response to higher temperatures. This leads to enhanced heat loss to the atmosphere as well as reduced freshwater fluxes via reduced seaice import into the region. In this way, a new mechanism that is consistent with proxy data is identified by which abrupt climate change can be promoted.

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The earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. Part I: description and performance for present-day conditions

Cited by 101 publications

References 74 publications

A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration

A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration

On the sensitivity of the Devonian climate to continental configuration, vegetation cover and insolation

Role of CO<sub>2</sub> and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change

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The earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. Part I: description and performance for present-day conditions

Cited by 101 publications

References 74 publications

A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration

A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration

On the sensitivity of the Devonian climate to continental configuration, vegetation cover and insolation

Role of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change

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Role of CO<sub>2</sub> and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change