The Early Upper Palaeolithic at Üçağızlı Cave (Hatay, Turkey):

Kuhn, Steven L.; Stiner, Mary C.; Kerry, Kristopher W.; Güleç, Erksin

doi:10.2307/j.ctvh1dwcq.15

Cited by 5 publications

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“…While the Uluzzian is a transitional industry typically encountered in the Italian Peninsula, it also has been identified in Klissoura Cave in Greece (Kaczanowska et al ., 2010) and is probably dated to before 40k cal a bp , as Uluzzian artifacts typically lie below cryptotephrae that correspond to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption at c . 39k cal a BP (Kuhn et al ., 2010; Lowe et al ., 2012; Douka et al ., 2014; Tourloukis and Harvati, 2018). It has also been identified at Crevena Stijena (Mihailović, 2017; Mihailović and Whallon, 2017), where no signs of intermixing have occurred with the local Mousterian occupations.…”

Section: Neanderthal Extinction and Amh Dispersal In The Balkans Ital...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Peninsular Southern Europe and application of refugium concepts

Carvalho

Bicho

2021

J Quaternary Science

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During the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Balkan, Italian and Iberian peninsulas of southern Europe, late Neanderthal and early Anatomically Modern Human (AMH) populations may have overlapped in some capacity. Many of the hypotheses and models for the transition interval suggest that Neanderthal populations remained in, or migrated to, refugial zones while AMHs colonized areas not suitable for, or abandoned by, Neanderthals. However, many hypotheses and models have not been conclusively tested due to general issues impeding a clear understanding of the relevant archeological record and because of a lack of specificity in defining and applying the term ‘refugium’. This paper briefly summarizes what is known about the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in southern European Peninsulas and discusses some new directions in the use of refugium concepts in the study of Neanderthal extinction and AMH dispersal. We highlight the complexity of the archeological record in each region and in the studies of refugia more generally. Finally, we make an appeal for generating local, multi‐proxy paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic records to address these complexities so that hypotheses and models integrating refugial concepts in explanations of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition can be properly formulated and tested.

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Section: Neanderthal Extinction and Amh Dispersal In The Balkans Ital...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Peninsular Southern Europe and application of refugium concepts

Carvalho

Bicho

2021

J Quaternary Science

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“…Thus there is much debate as to whether lithic technologies can be used to differentiate the economic and cultural components of the human populations. One view of the similarities between Neanderthal and early modern human technologies in south-west Asia is that they demonstrate contact and cultural continuity (Hovers 2006; Otte et al 2007), another that they reflect convergent technological strategies (Kuhn et al 2009; Shea 2006) or differing residential strategies (Lieberman and Shea 1994). Shea (2008; 2010) also argues for a series of extinctions among the region's hominin populations in response to climatic forcing: both modern humans and Neanderthals died out and/or abandoned the area after failing to adapt to the abrupt development of colder and drier conditions c. 80–75 Ka.…”

Section: The Levantine Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern humans that were successfully adapted to the increasing cold and aridity of the latter part of MIS 3 then recolonised the region. The Levant is one of the few areas where it may legitimately be claimed that the Upper Palaeolithic evolves in situ from Middle Palaeolithic precursors through the Emiran into the Ahmarian, although this may be disputed (Kuhn et al 2009; Tostevin 2003).…”

Section: The Levantine Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which way to turn? Is the Haua Fteah a Levantine site?

Reynolds

2018

Libyan Stud

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Recent work has shown early modern human occupation at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, dating as far back as MIS 9 (337–300 Ka). Such early dates double the period in which modern humans were present in North Africa, with implications for several key debates on modern human origins and subsequent spread. Routes across a ‘Green Sahara’ allowed population movement intermittently from sub-Saharan Africa and across the Saharan region in general. This has implications for the debate about the timing and routes of modern human expansion across and out of Africa, but also has the effect of focusing discussion on the archaeological record of sub-Saharan Africa and even Arabia for evidence of human behaviour and adaptations. This may be unfortunate as the record for much of the vast area of sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia is extremely limited and the more detailed record of the Levantine region is overlooked. Work at the Haua Fteah and in its surrounding region (Cyrenaican Libya) provides an opportunity to investigate how far the Palaeolithic record for this part of North Africa is, in fact, a product of trans-Saharan, North African or Levantine, influences. The genetic evidence suggests the process of modern human expansion out of Africa, and just as importantly within Africa itself, was a complex one that may have involved population movements into and out of North Africa from several different directions. A concentration upon the Green Sahara hypothesis may distract current research from this broader picture.

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“…The results obtained from a systematic programme of radiometric dating has showed how complex the available data are to interpret, and how further investigation is highly needed (Kadowaki 2013). Many authors suggest that the Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) of the Levant developed from Middle Palaeolithic Levantine Mousterian complexes (Kuhn et al 2009), which typologically differ from those of northeastern Africa (Beyin 2006, p. 24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the Indus Valley? The Middle and Late (Upper) Palaeolithic Settlement of Sindh, a Forgotten Region of the Indian Subcontinent

Biagi

Starnini

2017

The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond

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(Pakistan), a region of the Indian Subcontinent of fundamental importance\ud for the study of the spread of both Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern\ud Humans (AMH) in south Asia.\ud Most of the Middle Palaeolithic assemblages known to date were collected\ud during the geological surveys carried out during the 1970s in Lower Sindh by\ud Professor A.R. Khan, and the short visits paid to Upper Sindh by B. Allchin.\ud More finds were discovered by the Italian Archaeological Mission during the\ud last 30 years mainly at Ongar, near Hyderabad (Lower Sindh), and the Rohri\ud Hills, near Rohri (Upper Sindh).\ud The presence of characteristic Levallois Mousterian assemblages at Ongar,\ud and other sites west of the Indus River, opens new perspectives to the study\ud of the dispersal of Neanderthal groups, whose south-easternmost spread has\ud systematically been avoided by most authors.\ud Although the presence of typical Levallois Mousterian assemblages attributed\ud to Neanderthals has been recorded from Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and\ud former Soviet Central Asia, the presence of similar complexes in the Indian\ud Subcontinent is very scarce. The occurrence of typical Levallois cores, flakes,\ud blades, points, Mousterian scrapers and one Mousterian point at Ongar is\ud suggested to mark the south-easternmost limit of this cultural aspect. In contrast,\ud the Middle Palaeolithic of the Indian Subcontinent is mainly characterized by\ud unretouched flake assemblages and scrapers. Levallois points and flakes have\ud already been described as a minor component of the so-called “Late Soan”\ud complexes of the Punjab along the same western bank of the Indus in north\ud Pakistan.\ud Even more complex is the definition of the earliest Late (Upper) Palaeolithic\ud assemblages in the study region. In contrast with what previously suggested,\ud Late (Upper) Palaeolithic sites are quite common in some areas of Lower\ud Sindh, among which are the Mulri Hills (Karachi) and Jhimpir (Thatta). The\ud assemblages from Karachi region sites are characterized by subconical cores\ud with bladelet detachments, curved, backed points, bladelets, lunates of different\ud shape and size, and, in a few cases, a high percentage of burins. The situation\ud in Upper Sindh is absolutely different. The Rohri Hills yielded evidence of an\ud impressive number of Late (Upper) Palaeolithic flint workshops, characterized\ud by subconical\ud bladelet and bladelet-like flakelet cores, and impressive amounts\ud of debitage products. A similar situation has been recorded also from Ongar\ud (Milestone 101), where modern limestone quarrying still underway has\ud destroyed all the archaeological sites.\ud To conclude: Sindh is a very important region for the study of the Palaeolithic\ud of the Indian Subcontinent and its related territories. It is unfortunate that our\ud knowledge of this important territory is very scarce, and its archaeological\ud heritage is under systematic destruction

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The Early Upper Palaeolithic at Üçağızlı Cave (Hatay, Turkey):

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Complexity in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Peninsular Southern Europe and application of refugium concepts

Complexity in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Peninsular Southern Europe and application of refugium concepts

Which way to turn? Is the Haua Fteah a Levantine site?

Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the Indus Valley? The Middle and Late (Upper) Palaeolithic Settlement of Sindh, a Forgotten Region of the Indian Subcontinent

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