The early Proterozoic Birimian Supergroup of Ghana and some aspects of its associated gold mineralization

Leube, Alfred; Hirdes, W.; Mauer, Rudolf; Kesse, G. O.

doi:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90070-7

Cited by 382 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Quartz vein emplacement and the continued subsequent shearing appear to be of primary importance for gold transport and precipitation. Fracturing of the quartz veins facilitates hydrothermal fluid ascent and probably rapid fluid degassing, resulting in Aucomplex destabilization on a micro-scale as suggested by Leube et al, (1990).…”

Section: The Qvt Orebodymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Birimian rocks are isoclinally folded and form an overthrust fold with axis trending NE and near vertical axial planes dipping from 65° to 90° (Leube et al, 1990). Regionally, two deformation types, low strain and high strain, are recognised in Birimian rocks (Ledru et al, 1988;Eisenlohr 1989;Eisenlohr and Hirdes, 1992).…”

Section: Structure and Metamorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most prominent alteration types, by characteristic mineral are carbonate, sericite, silica, and graphite (Leube et al, 1990;DzigbodiAdjimah, 1993). At least two generations of carbonate were observed in the rocks.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geology of the gold deposits of Prestea gold belt of Ghana

Dzigbodi-Adjimah¹,

Asamoah²

2010

Ghana Mining Journal

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Section: The Qvt Orebodymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Structure and Metamorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geology of the gold deposits of Prestea gold belt of Ghana

Dzigbodi-Adjimah¹,

Asamoah²

2010

Ghana Mining Journal

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“…The Birimian Supergroup (Leube et al, 1990) consists of volcanic, pyroclastic, and sedimentary rocks intruded by various types of granitoids. Volcanic belts of tholeiitic basalt and andesite were deposited between 2200 and 2100 m.y.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical sediments precipitated contemporaneously on the flanks of volcanic edifices; they consist of manganese-rich rocks, chert, and rocks enriched in carbon, carbonates, or sulphides (Leube et al, 1990). Porphyritic volcanic rocks and granitoids of calc-alkalic affinity may either be coeval with the tholeiitic rocks (Leube et al, 1990;Sylvester and Attoh, 1992) or postdate them (Melcher and Stumpfl, 1992). Parts of the volcanic belts are overlain by clastic strata of the Tarkwaian Group, which was probably deposited in graben structures formed by rifting (Goodwin, 1991).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of chemical sediments in Birimian greenstone belts: evidence from gondites and related manganese-bearing rocks from Northern Ghana

Melcher¹

1995

Mineral. mag.

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Early Proterozoic chemical sediments of the Birimian Supergroup in northern Ghana host several types of metamorphosed manganese-bearing rocks. Differences in the mineralogy and geochemistry can be attributed to facies changes in a mixed volcanic-volcaniclastic depositional environment. Manganese oxide-bearing phyllite, which is enriched in transition metals (Cu, Ni, Co, Zn), formed on the flanks of submarine volcanic edifices above an oxidation boundary. Towards the deeper basin, manganese silicate-rich gondites occur. These consist either of spessartine + quartz + ilmenite, or of spessartine + quartz + Mn amphiboles __+ rhodonite __+ hyalophane __+ Mn stilpnomelane -t-ilmenite. The Mn amphiboles are identified as manganoan actinolite, tirodite, and dannemorite. Sulphides are widespread as premetamorphic inclusions in Mn garnet grains. In the basin centre, chlorite schist containing garnet with 50-60 mol.% spessartine represents the most distal manganese-bearing rock which is highly diluted by volcanogenic background sedimentation. The origin of Mn-rich rocks is explained by heat-driven seawater convection systems active in submarine volcanic centres that provided hydrothermal solutions. Precipitation of different minerals depended on the geochemical conditions prevailing on the seafloor. During the Eburnean event (around 2000 Ma), the chemical sediments were metamorphosed to upper greenschist or lower amphibolite facies. Mineral assemblages in the gondites point to metamorphic conditions in the range of 450-500~ at 2-3 kbar.

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Geochemical and Sr‐Nd isotopic records of Paleoproterozoic metavolcanics and mafic intrusive rocks from the West African Craton: Evidence for petrogenesis and tectonic setting

Sakyi

Anum

et al. 2017

Geological Journal

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Metavolcanics and mafic intrusive rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Birimian terrane in the southeastern part of the West African Craton, Ghana, were analyzed for major and trace elements and Nd and Sr isotopic data to constrain the geodynamic evolution of the Birimian Supergroup. The metavolcanic rocks consist of metabasalts, meta‐andesites, and amphibolites, whereas the mafic intrusions are mainly gabbros, hornblendites, and dolerites. The rocks are tholeiitic in composition and show the classic features of arc magmatism. The metavolcanics display significant enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements, relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements. The multielement patterns of the rocks also show positive Pb, Ba, Th, and Sr and negative Nb, Ta, and Ce anomalies that are typical characteristics of subduction‐related magmas. They also have La/Nb ratios <3 and La/Ta ratios <43 that are similar to other Archean and Birimian greenstone belts in West Africa. The rocks have εNd (2.1 Ga) values of −0.96 to +2.60, and Nd model ages of 2.24–2.51 Ga (TDM1) and 2.16–2.45 Ga (TDM2), indicating their juvenile character with possible contributions from pre‐Birimian crustal materials in their sources. The εNd values suggest a depleted source and further indicate that they were probably produced in an almost entirely oceanic environment with minor influence from the continental crust. The Nd isotopic results are consistent with the island arc model, which views Paleoproterozoic terranes of the West African Craton in the context of subduction–accretion processes. Accordingly, these processes may have played a role in the formation of the Columbia supercontinent during the Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.8 Ga) orogenic events.

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The early Proterozoic Birimian Supergroup of Ghana and some aspects of its associated gold mineralization

Cited by 382 publications

References 12 publications

The geology of the gold deposits of Prestea gold belt of Ghana

The geology of the gold deposits of Prestea gold belt of Ghana

Genesis of chemical sediments in Birimian greenstone belts: evidence from gondites and related manganese-bearing rocks from Northern Ghana

Geochemical and Sr‐Nd isotopic records of Paleoproterozoic metavolcanics and mafic intrusive rocks from the West African Craton: Evidence for petrogenesis and tectonic setting

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