The early history of Annonaceae (Magnoliales) in Southeast Asia suggests floristic exchange between India and Pan‐Indochina by the late Oligocene

Li, Qijia; Shi, Gongle; Liu, Yusheng; Fu, Qiming; Jin, Jianhua; Quan, Cheng

doi:10.1002/spp2.1249

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Studies of floristic changes suggest that modern tropical and sub‐tropical taxa (many of which are fleshy‐fruited) retreated from a more latitudinally widespread distribution in the Eocene to a latitudinally restricted tropical distribution in the Oligocene [e.g. Icacinaceae (Del Rio & De Franceschi, 2020; Del Rio et al ., 2021 b ), Menispermaceae (Han et al ., 2018 b ), Annonaceae (Li et al ., 2019 a ), tribe Spondiadoidea (Fu et al ., 2017)]. This pattern could reflect the contraction of favourable warm, wet climate conditions for fleshy‐fruited and mixed‐fruited groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of variation in fleshy diaspore size and abundance from Late Triassic–Oligocene

Naware,

Benson

2023

Biological Reviews

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Vertebrate‐mediated seed dispersal is a common attribute of many living plants, and variation in the size and abundance of fleshy diaspores is influenced by regional climate and by the nature of vertebrate seed dispersers among present‐day floras. However, potential drivers of large‐scale variation in the abundance and size distributions of fleshy diaspores through geological time, and the importance of geographic variation, are incompletely known. This knowledge gap is important because fleshy diaspores are a key mechanism of energy transfer from photosynthesis to animals and may in part explain the diversification of major groups within birds and mammals. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in the abundance and size distribution of fleshy diaspores through time, including plant–frugivore co‐evolution, angiosperm diversification, and changes in vegetational structure and climate. We present a new data set of more than 800 georeferenced fossil diaspore occurrences spanning the Triassic–Oligocene, across low to mid‐ to high palaeolatitudes. We use this to quantify patterns of long‐term change in fleshy diaspores, examining the timing and geographical context of important shifts as a test of the potential evolutionary and climatic explanations. We find that the fleshy fruit sizes of angiosperms increased for much of the Cretaceous, during the early diversification of angiosperms from herbaceous ancestors with small fruits. Nevertheless, this did not cause a substantial net change in the fleshy diaspore size distributions across seed plants, because gymnosperms had achieved a similar size distribution by at least the Late Triassic. Furthermore, gymnosperm‐dominated Mesozoic ecosystems were mostly open, and harboured low proportions of specialised frugivores until the latest Cretaceous, suggesting that changes in vegetation structure and plant–frugivore co‐evolution were probably not important drivers of fleshy diaspore size distributions over long timescales. Instead, fleshy diaspore size distributions may be largely constrained by physical or life‐history limits that are shared among groups and diversify as a plant group expands into different growth forms/sizes, habitats, and climate regimes. Mesozoic gymnosperm floras had a low abundance of fleshy diaspores (<50% fleshy diaspore taxa), that was surpassed by some low‐latitude angiosperm floras in the Cretaceous. Eocene angiosperm floras show a mid‐ to high latitude peak in fleshy fruit abundance, with very high proportions of fleshy fruits that even exceed those seen at low latitudes both in the Eocene and today. Mid‐ to high latitude proportions of fleshy fruits declined substantially over the Eocene–Oligocene transition, resulting in a shift to more modern‐like geographic distributions with the highest proportion of fleshy fruits occurring in low‐latitude tropical assemblages. This shift was coincident with global cooling and the onset of Southern Hemisphere glaciation, suggesting that rapid cooling at mid‐ and high latitudes caused a decrease in availability of the climate conditions most favourable for fleshy fruits in angiosperms. Future research could be focused on examining the environmental niches of modern fleshy fruits, and the potential effects of climate change on fleshy fruit and frugivore diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of variation in fleshy diaspore size and abundance from Late Triassic–Oligocene

Naware,

Benson

2023

Biological Reviews

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Geographic range and habitat reconstructions shed light on palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction and regional diversification patterns in Artabotrys (Annonaceae)

Jun-hao

Thomas

Saunders

2019

Journal of Biogeography

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AimThe biogeographical and habitat history of the species‐rich angiosperm genus Artabotrys is reconstructed to assess hypotheses relating to processes that underlie palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction (PID) and regional diversification patterns.LocationPalaeotropics.TaxonArtabotrys (Annonaceae).MethodsPhylogenetic relationships were estimated based on 53 Artabotrys species, using four chloroplast and 10 nuclear markers (c. 15.7 kb). Divergence times were estimated using two fossil calibrations and an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model. Ancestral range estimation was performed under a dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model while ancestral habitat reconstruction was conducted using the BAYAREALIKE model.ResultsArtabotrys is unequivocally monophyletic, with a species‐rich main Artabotrys clade (MAC) comprising distinct African and Asian sister clades, and an early divergent grade (EDG) comprising two African species. An ancestral range in Africa is inferred, with a single dispersal to Asia. The PID at the MAC crown occurred in the Miocene. A broad habitat tolerance spanning rain forests and seasonally dry forests/savannas was inferred at the MAC stem and crown nodes. Several shifts from rain forests to seasonally dry habitats were inferred, but there is no indication of a reverse transition.Main conclusionsThe most plausible explanation for the PID involves overland migration across Arabia in the Miocene, prior to subsequent climate deterioration. Long‐standing differences in climatic niche may have resulted in a significant yet porous biogeographical divide at the Isthmus of Kra, but Wallace's line does not reflect differences in climatic niches. Niche conservatism is an underlying pattern in Artabotrys, with local niche shifts occurring rather recently.

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Data from: The early history of Annonaceae (Magnoliales) in Southeast Asia suggests floristic exchange between India and Pan-Indochina by the late Oligocene

Li,

Shi,

Liu

et al. 2019

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The early history of Annonaceae (Magnoliales) in Southeast Asia suggests floristic exchange between India and Pan‐Indochina by the late Oligocene

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Patterns of variation in fleshy diaspore size and abundance from Late Triassic–Oligocene

Patterns of variation in fleshy diaspore size and abundance from Late Triassic–Oligocene

Geographic range and habitat reconstructions shed light on palaeotropical intercontinental disjunction and regional diversification patterns in Artabotrys (Annonaceae)

Data from: The early history of Annonaceae (Magnoliales) in Southeast Asia suggests floristic exchange between India and Pan-Indochina by the late Oligocene

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