The Early Fall in Levels of S-100 β in Traumatic Brain Injury

Jackson, R. G. M.; Samra, G. S.; Radcliffe, Jeremy; Clark, G. Heather; Price, Christopher P.

doi:10.1515/cclm.2000.179

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Other authors have hypothesized that the rapid fall of serum S-100β levels after CNS trauma could be due to either stabilization of the initially disrupted blood brain barrier or to cessation of S-100β production. 30 In our study we have seen that over the 24 hours observation period, S-100β levels in serum were decreasing continuously after the initial rise while, after an initial drop, S-100β tissue levels were rising. This refutes the idea of a cessation in S-100β production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Quercetin Administration After Spinal Cord Trauma Changes S-100β Levels

Schültke

Griebel²,

Juurlink³

2010

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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S-100β, a small monomer of the calcium-binding S-100 protein family with a molecular weight of about 10 kDa, has been found in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.1 Being present throughout the cytosol and as components of cytoskeleton and membranes; it has been suggested that S-100β is involved in guiding the progression of cells through the cell cycle.2 With a little over one and a half hours, S-100β has a relatively short half life, which makes it a good candidate for assessment in emergency situations like central nervous system (CNS) trauma. 3 The results of studies conducted by a number of authors have shown that serum levels of S-100β can be used as predictor for the extent of tissue injury in the CNS. Most of these studies have been conducted in adult and paediatric patients who had suffered head trauma of varying degrees. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Other studies ABSTRACT: Background: It has been shown previously that S-100β levels in serum correspond with the severity of central nervous system (CNS) trauma. It also has been suggested that S-100β in CNS tissue is involved in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. We have previously shown that administration of quercetin results in improved motor function in an animal model of spinal cord trauma. Methods: Mid-thoracic spinal cord compression injury was produced in adult male Wistar rats. Serum and tissue samples were acquired from quercetin-treated animals (25 µmol / kg) and saline controls at 6, 12 and 24 hours after the trauma. S-100β levels were measured using a luminometric assay in the damaged tissue and in the serum of the animals. Results: The increase in serum S-100β levels seen in saline controls after spinal cord trauma was ameliorated in the quercetin-treated animals at all time points, although the difference to saline controls became statistically significant only at 24 hrs after the trauma. Compared to tissue S-100β levels in healthy animals, values were significantly decreased in saline controls at all three time points, while they were decreased at 6 hrs and increased at both 12 and 24 hrs in quercetin-treated animals. At all three time points tissue S-100β levels were significantly higher in quercetin-treated animals than in saline controls. Conclusions: Administration of quercetin results in modification of S-100β levels in the setting of experimental spinal cord trauma. The kinetic patterns of the S-100β fluctuations in serum and tissue suggest that post-traumatic administration of quercetin decreases the extent of CNS injury.RÉSUMÉ: L'administration de quercétine après un traumatisme à la moelle épinière modifie les niveaux de S-100β. Contexte : Des travaux antérieurs ont démontré que les niveaux de S-100β du sérum correspondent à la sévérité du traumatisme au niveau du système nerveux central (SNC) et il est possible que le S-100β joue un rôle dans la neuroprotection et la neurorégénération du SNC. Nous avons démontré antérieurement que l'administration de quercétine améliore la fonction motrice chez un modèle animal de traumatisme de la moe...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Quercetin Administration After Spinal Cord Trauma Changes S-100β Levels

Schültke

Griebel²,

Juurlink³

2010

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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“…27 Estimation in severely head injured patients suggests that the half life is around three hours in this group. 28 Continuing release of S-100B with secondary brain injury has been shown, 29 and this could account for the prolonged half life found in the severely injured. Clearance characteristics following mild head injury have yet to be confirmed.…”

Section: S-100b Clearance Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head injury outcome prediction in the emergency department: a role for protein S-100B?

Townend

2002

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry

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Background: Biochemical markers released after head injury may reflect the degree of brain damage, which is related to subsequent disability. If the serum level of a marker were found to be related to outcome, then earlier identification and intervention would be possible. Objective: To investigate the potential of the serum marker S-100B protein to predict the outcome after head injury. Methods: Blood samples for S-100B concentrations were taken from 148 adults within six hours of a head injury (initial Glasgow coma score 4-15). Patients were recruited from the emergency departments of four hospitals in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. Outcome was assessed in 119 patients (80%) at one month using the extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE). Results: A significant inverse correlation between serum S-100B level and GOSE was found (Spearman's ρ = −0.349, p < 0.0001). A serum S-100B concentration of > 0.32 µg/l predicted severe disability (GOSE < 5) at one month with a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval 68% to 100%), a specificity of 72% (54% to 79%), and a negative predictive value of 99% (93% to 100%). Conclusion: Serum S-100B concentration can be used in the emergency department to identify patients with head injury who are most likely to have a poor outcome at one month.

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“…It is presently not known whether this is the right time frame to accurately measure the concentration of S-100B levels. There is still no consensus in the literature on the dynamics of S-100B after TBI, although there is some indication that levels of S-100B tend to fall rapidly after release following severe TBI [25]. A variety of studies using different outcome variables have chosen different intervals between injury (or surgery) and collection of serum S-100B (1–48 h) [9,25,26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-100B Concentration Is Not Related to Neurocognitive Performance in the First Month after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2004

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The serum concentration of S-100B is reported to reflect the severity of brain damage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether elevated serum S-100B concentrations were related to neuropsychological test performance of patients in the subacute phase of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). S-100B concentrations were measured in blood samples taken within 6 h after TBI. Serum S-100B was estimated using an immunoluminometric assay. Cognitive speed and memory were assessed with neuropsychological tests at a median of 13 days (range 7–21 days) after injury. The two groups, formed on a median split of initial serum S-100B concentrations (> or <0.22 µg/l) did not differ in age or education. The neuropsychological performance of the TBI patients was also compared with that of a healthy control group. Cognitive speed and memory performance of mild TBI patients were inferior compared to those of healthy subjects. There were no significant differences within the TBI group when serum S-100B concentration was taken into consideration. The findings suggest that serum S-100B levels after mild TBI are not predictive of neuropsychological performance in the subacute stage of recovery.

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The Early Fall in Levels of S-100 β in Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 71 publications

References 14 publications

Quercetin Administration After Spinal Cord Trauma Changes S-100β Levels

Quercetin Administration After Spinal Cord Trauma Changes S-100β Levels

Head injury outcome prediction in the emergency department: a role for protein S-100B?

S-100B Concentration Is Not Related to Neurocognitive Performance in the First Month after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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