The earliest pelagic jellyfish with rhopalia from Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte

Han, Jian; Hu, Shixue; Cartwright, Paulyn; Zhao, Fangchen; Ou, Qiang; Kubota, Shin; Wang, Xing; Yang, Xiaoguang

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.025

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, Sinaster does not possess the typical pedalia and sensory organs seen in modern cubozoans and in fossil jellyfish from the Chengjiang biota (Han et al . ). Finally, the marginal lappets and the adradial frenula of Sinaster are absent in the modern representatives of the group.…”

Section: Comparison With Cubozoansmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Anatomy and affinities of a new 535‐million‐year‐old medusozoan from the Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China

et al. 2017

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We describe here Sinaster petalon gen. et sp. nov., a new embryonic form from the c. 535 million-yearold Kuanchuanpu Formation of South China (Ningqiang, Shaanxi Province). The excellent three-dimensional, phosphatic preservation of these microfossils allowed us to use x-ray microtomographic techniques to make accurate reconstructions of their internal structures and to compare their anatomy point-by-point with that of extant cnidarians and other animal groups. Sinaster petalon has anatomical features typical of extant Medusozoa (Cnidaria), such as coronal muscles, perradial and adradial frenula, interradial septa, accessory septa, gonad-lamellae, tentacle buds and perradial pockets. Although Sinaster cannot be straightforwardly assigned to any crown-group within Medusozoa, the presence of marginal lappets and endodermal lamellae suggests that it is closer to Cubozoa and Scyphozoa than to any other group of modern cnidarians. The tentative placement of Sinaster within the stem-group Cubozoa is justified by the presence of a velarium supported by a frenulum. The cubozoan affinities of Sinaster are also supported by cladistic analysis.

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Section: Comparison With Cubozoansmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In total, 25 taxa (including Sinaster petalon ) and 104 characters (see definitions in Marques & Collins and Han et al . ), were considered for analysis using PAUP* v. 4.0 b10, yielding 999 shortest trees (tree length = 177 steps, consistency index = 0.65, rescaled consistency index = 0.50) (Wang et al . , appendix 3).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and affinities of a new 535‐million‐year‐old medusozoan from the Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China

et al. 2017

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“…1a) 1,2 . Putative fossils of extant cnidarian classes have been identified in lower Cambrian strata, suggesting that cnidarian diversification represents one of the oldest evolutionary events among living animal phyla 3,4 . Nearly all cnidarian life cycles incorporate polyp and/or medusa body plans (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

The genome of the jellyfish Aurelia and the evolution of animal complexity

Gold

Katsuki

et al. 2018

Nat Ecol Evol

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We present the genome of the moon jellyfish Aurelia, a genome from a cnidarian with a medusa life stage. Our analyses suggest that gene gain and loss in Aurelia is comparable to what has been found in its morphologically simpler relatives—the anthozoan corals and sea anemones. RNA sequencing analysis does not support the hypothesis that taxonomically restricted (orphan) genes play an oversized role in the development of the medusa stage. Instead, genes broadly conserved across animals and eukaryotes play comparable roles throughout the life cycle. All life stages of Aurelia are significantly enriched in the expression of genes that are hypothesized to interact in protein networks found in bilaterian animals. Collectively, our results suggest that increased life cycle complexity in Aurelia does not correlate with an increased number of genes. This leads to two possible evolutionary scenarios: either medusozoans evolved their complex medusa life stage (with concomitant shifts into new ecological niches) primarily by re-working genetic pathways already present in the last common ancestor of cnidarians, or the earliest cnidarians had a medusa life stage, which was subsequently lost in the anthozoans. While we favour the earlier hypothesis, the latter is consistent with growing evidence that many of the earliest animals were more physically complex than previously hypothesized.

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“…The apparent decline of other medusozoans may reflect ecological replacement in the high-energy shallow shelf setting, though taphonomical and paleogeographic biases cannot be ruled out completely. Since only tetraradial medusozoans have been found in subsequent Cambrian stages (Cartwright et al, 2007; Han et al, 2016c), the origin of multiple medusozoan symmetry patterns, which event(s) likely commenced during earliest Cambrian or Ediacaran times, may have ended during Cambrian Age 3. Therefore, the dominance of tetraradial symmetry seen in modern medusozoans may have been established during the peak phase (Cambrian Stage 3) of the Cambrian explosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new tetraradial olivooid (Medusozoa) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China

et al. 2019

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Octapyrgites elongatus n. gen. n. sp., a relatively rare, tetraradial olivooid (Cnidaria, Medusozoa), is described from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) near Yichang, China. Although similar to Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites from the Fortunian Stage in consisting of a partially corrugated (longitudinal) periderm with a quadrate (transverse) apical portion and V-shaped apertural lobes, O. elongatus is substantially larger than other olivooids. The elongate apical region of O. elongatus is similar to four-sided Anaconularia anomala (Barrande, 1867), though with a flat tip that may have been an adaption for a sessile mode of life. As in other olivooids, embryonic development in O. elongatus may have been direct. Last, the paucity of olivooids and the absence of pentaradial cnidarians and carinachitids in Cambrian Stage 2 indicate a marked decline in the disparity of cnidarians near the Fortunian–Cambrian Age 2 boundary, when by contrast bilaterians underwent rapid diversification.UUID: http://zoobank.org/60acc2f9-44f8-4a97-9449-960ad76f8fff

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The earliest pelagic jellyfish with rhopalia from Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Anatomy and affinities of a new 535‐million‐year‐old medusozoan from the Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China

Anatomy and affinities of a new 535‐million‐year‐old medusozoan from the Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China

The genome of the jellyfish Aurelia and the evolution of animal complexity

A new tetraradial olivooid (Medusozoa) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China

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