The earliest Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Sakhalinencyrtus leleji Simutnik gen. et sp. nov. of earliest Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Sakhalinian amber

“…Comparative morphological analysis of the representatives of middle and late Eocene fossil faunas (Simutnik 2020 and the present publication) confirms that the Sakhalinian amber is much older than the Baltic, Rovno and Danish European ambers are.…”

“…Reduction to complete absence of the marginal (as, for example, in the species of Eucoccidophagus) and postmarginal veins, the subsessile stigmal vein is common in many extant encyrtids, but has not been found among fossil encyrtids from either the middle or late Eocene. More detailed comparison of the fossil encyrtids with the extant genera having an apical or near apical position of the cerci is provided by Simutnik (2020) and Perkovsky (2006, 2018).…”

“…The first described species of fossil Encyrtidae -Encyrtus clavicornis Statz, 1938 -is known from an imprint in the late Oligocene shale from the Rott locality in Germany (Statz 1938). The earliest known Encyrtidae, Archencyrtus rasnitsyni Simutnik, 2014, Sugonjaevia sakhalinica Simutnik, 2015, Kotenkia platycera Simutnik, 2015 and Encyrtoides pronotatus Simutnik, 2020 were described from the middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber (Simutnik 2014(Simutnik , 2015a(Simutnik , 2020. Eocencyrtus zerovae Simutnik, 2001, Eocencnemus sugonjaevi Simutnik, 2002, E. vichrenkoi Simutnik, 2006, E. gedanicus Simutnik, 2014, Glaesus gibsoni Simutnik, 2014, Rovnosoma gracile Simutnik, 2015, Sulia glaesaria Simutnik, 2015, Protocopidosoma kononovae Simutnik, 2017, Dencyrtus vilhelmseni Simutnik, 2018, Archaeocercus schuvachinae Simutnik, 2018, Trjapitzion cylindrocerus Simutnik, 2018, Ektopicercus punctatus Simutnik, 2020, and Efesus trufanovi Simutnik, 2020 are known from the late Eocene European ambers (Simutnik 2001(Simutnik , 2002(Simutnik , 2015bSimutnik and Perkovsky 2006, 2017, 2018a, b, c, 2020Simutnik et al 2014.…”

“…The age of Sakhalinian amber, the history of its study and the nature of its biota have been discussed in detail in a number of recent works (Baranov et al 2015;Radchenko and Perkovsky 2016;Marusik et al 2018;Dietrich and Perkovsky 2019;Simutnik 2020;Davidian et al in press;Perkovsky et al 2021;Tikhonenko et al 2021). At the end of the last century, Kodrul (1999), based on geological and paleobotanical data, convincingly dated the Naibuchi Formation, in which Sakhalinian amber was found in situ, as middle Eocene.…”

First record of the Sulia glaesaria Simutnik, 2015 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from Rovno amber

“…Our research on several amber collections shows that the Encyrtidae is one of the most widespread families of Chalcidoidea in Eocene ambers (Simutnik 2001(Simutnik , 2002(Simutnik , 2007(Simutnik , 2015a(Simutnik , 2020Simutnik and Perkovsky 2017, 2018a, b, c, 2020Simutnik et al 2014Simutnik et al , 2021 along with Mymaridae, Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae. Most extant families of Chalcidoidea, including Tanaostigmatidae s.s., are, however, still unknown from the late Eocene.…”