The e-waste development cycle, part II—impact assessment of collection and treatment

Huisman, Jaco; Stevels, A.; Baldé, Kees; Magalini, Federico; Kuehr, Ruediger

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102158-3.00003-3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Adie et al (2019) using the EPA 3050B leaching method reported a mean value concentration of Cd of 0.28 mg/kg falling within the range of the concentration of this study. Also, the concentration value of Au reported by Ernst et al (2003); Huisman et al (2007);Hageluken and Buchert (2008), and Kasper and Veit (2018) are similar to the mean concentration value of the present study. The mean concentration of selected toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, As, and Cr are lower than the values reported by Nnorom and Osibanjo (2011);Ghodrat et al (2018); Sahan et al (2019); and Annamalai and Gurumurthy (2020).…”

Section: Comparison With Literature Datasupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria

Adie,

Abimbola,

Aribisala

et al. 2024

ETSJ

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Obsolete mobile phones form a major component of the e-waste stream. The Printed wiring boards (PWBs) of mobile phones are packed with economic and toxic metals. Regulatory bodies such as Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives regulate the amount of these toxic metals in electrical and electronic equipment. This study is aimed at evaluating selected critical metals present in PWBs of three popular brands of discarded mobile phones used in Nigeria to understudy the behaviour of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) regarding toxicity, economic potentials, and level of compliance with international initiatives by regulatory bodies to reduce the level of toxic metals in electronic equipment. PWBs obtained from 60 discarded mobile phones of 3 popular mobile phone brands used in Nigeria were chopped into smaller particles, extracted according to EPA 3050B method, and analysed using the Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry technique. It was observed that Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu, had the highest concentration range across all brands studied. Notable toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and As have mean and standard deviation values of 0.43±0.38 mg/kg, 0.62±0.160 mg/kg, 5.16±1.06 mg/kg, and 84.97±13.83 mg/kg respectively. Economic metals: Cu, Ag, and Au had mean and standard deviation values of 80.37±16.89 mg/kg, 2.12±0.43 mg/kg, and 0.95±0.19 mg/kg respectively. Results from the study indicate that PWBs of mobile phones are a perfect secondary source of a large variety of metals vital for the recycling industry. Also, the low levels of toxic metals suggest that some OEMs are already adopting the 'design-for-environment' option. Therefore, PWBs studied seem eco-friendly; however, need to be handled with care as there are still some toxic metals of concern not determined in this study.

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Section: Comparison With Literature Datasupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria

Adie,

Abimbola,

Aribisala

et al. 2024

ETSJ

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“…Understanding the core of e-waste development cycle involves the necessity to assess collection, treatment, and the related environmental, economic, and social impacts of the waste [69]. Recycling processes can be made more profitable by significantly increasing e-waste collection so that the recycling industries can obtain better incentives to invest in innovation of more efficient recycling technologies [70].…”

Section: Opportunities and Challenges Of Secondary Miningmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Wastes: Bridging the Knowledge Gaps in Global Production Budgets, Composition, Recycling and Sustainability Implications

Ghimire

Ariya

2020

Sustainable Chemistry

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Rapid urbanization, advancements in science and technology, and the increase in tech-savviness of consumers have led to an exponential production of a variety of electronic equipment. The global annual growth rate of e-waste volume exceeds the growth rate of the human population. Electronic waste has now become a point of concern globally (53.6 million metric tons, 2019). However, merely 17.4% of all global e-waste is properly collected and recycled. China is the largest contributor to the global production of e-waste (~19%), the second being the United States. Indeed, only 14 countries generated over 65% of global e-waste production in 2019. E-wastes contain a wide range of organic, and inorganic compounds including various metals. Emerging contaminants like plastics are amongst the fastest growing constituents of electronic waste. The current challenges include the lack of reliable data, inadequate identification and quantification of new emerging materials, limited effectiveness of current recycling technologies, need for cutting-edge detection and recycling technologies, and the lack of e-waste management policies and international collaboration. In this review, we strive to integrate the existing data on production rates at different spatial scales, composition, as well as health, economical, and environmental challenges, existing recycling technologies; explore tangible solutions; and encourage further sustainable technology and regulatory policies.

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E-Waste to Wealth: Turning a Global Concern into an Economic Opportunity

Sharma,

Sharma

2024

From Waste to Wealth

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The e-waste development cycle, part II—impact assessment of collection and treatment

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria

Evaluation of Metals in Printed Wiring Boards of Selected Discarded Mobile Phones in Nigeria

E-Wastes: Bridging the Knowledge Gaps in Global Production Budgets, Composition, Recycling and Sustainability Implications

E-Waste to Wealth: Turning a Global Concern into an Economic Opportunity

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