The dynamics of the auroral oval and ionospheric trough boundaries according to data from the DMSP satellites and ground-based ionosonde network

The main ionospheric trough in the East Asian region: Observation and modeling

“…The ionospheric irregularities in the E and F regions and deep ionization gradients in the F2 layer at the polar MIT wall result from the combined action of auroral fluxes and electric fields in the auroral ionization zone (Benkova et al, 1980;Tsunoda, 1988). The MIT displacement to the equator during a geomagnetic storm causes typical subauroral phenomena observed in the middle latitudes (Kurkin et al, 2006).…”

Large-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances registered using oblique incidence sounding data during magnetic storms in 2006-2011

“…The equatorward shift of the main ionospheric trough due to the expansion of the convection zone during a magnetic storm can lead to a sharp decrease in electron concentration at high latitudes [2]. Also, the shift of the auroral zone to lower latitudes during magnetic disturbances can cause the development of MOF variations and the appearance of anomalous diffuse signals with a wide distribution of delays in comparison with regular modes delays [3].…”