The Dynamics of Solids Removal in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Nwankwo, I. H.; Nwaiwu, N. E.; Nwabanne, Joseph Tagbo

doi:10.9734/jerr/2019/v7i416976

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The overall removal efficiency was 18.8%, lower than what was reported by Nwankwo et al . (2019) which were 91 and 96% for their study on the dynamics of solids removal in waste stabilisation ponds. Final effluent concentration was 462 ± 101 mg L −1 and within the limit of 4000, 1000, 1000, 2000, and 2000 mg L −1 of discharges into public sewer, perennial rivers, ephemeral stream, and other environments, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of waste stabilisation pond units for treating domestic wastewater

Letshwenyo

Thumule

Elias

2020

Water & Environment J

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of individual units of waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) system treating domestic wastewater. The study was conducted by measuring the concentrations of physiochemical parameters and bacteriological indictors in the influent and effluent samples of each pond. The thickness of sludge was determined by measuring depths of sludge layer in each pond. Knowing the performance of each pond will speed up targeted intervention to improve performance. The influent was mainly characterised by 224, 500, 270 mg L−1, 258 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) respectively, of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and 35600 coliform forming units/100 ml of faecal coliforms. Bacteriological counts were fluctuating and effluent faecal coliforms counts were 1.22 × 104 ± 2.0 × 102 coliform forming units/100 ml. The hydraulic retention times (HRTs) decreased by 2.0, 13.6 and 7.2 days in the first three ponds and by 3.3 days in the last three ponds. Biochemical oxygen demand in the final effluent was 40 mg L−1 more than the design value of f 25 mg L−1. Chemical oxygen demand in the final effluent was 190 mg L−1, higher than the prescribed limit of 150 mg L−1 of discharge into rivers. Total suspended solids in the final effluent was 150 ± 127 mg L−1 more than the national limit of 25 mg L−1. Total suspended solids and turbidity correlated positively with bacteriological indicators, but there was no correlation with temperature except with faecal coliforms. There was also no correlation observed between suspended solids and pH. The treatment system did not meet the design treatment criteria because of overloading as a result of increased population which exceeded the design value. The final effluent from the system did not meet the discharge limits, therefore, it is unsuitable for discharge into the environment as it can pollute ground and surface waters as well as the open environment. Knowledge on the performance of each pond will help in proper interventions to be undertaken at the targeted pond or unit. It is therefore eminent to desludge each pond as a short‐term solution and expand the system for a long‐term solution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of waste stabilisation pond units for treating domestic wastewater

Letshwenyo

Thumule

Elias

2020

Water & Environment J

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“…Adsorbtion is among the effective, easy and efficient techniques used for removing toxic metals from water sources (Suguna, Nadavala, Vudagandla, Boddu, and Aburi, 2017). The adsorption activity has been reported by (Kwaghger and Ibrahim, 2013), it is also used in pharmaceutical industry and in research laboratories as decolorizing agent and catalyst support (Yaumi, Mustafa;Isah;Babagana, and Ojih, 2015) and in medicine for adsorption of harmful chemicals and drugs (Nwankwo, Nwaiwu & Nwabanne (2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Preparation and Use of Activated Carbon from Periwinkle Shell for Water Treatment in Nkanu East Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

Nweze

2024

BJES

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Activated carbon is normally produced from various carbonaceous materials of both plant and animal origin. This work was focused on the preparation of activated carbon from periwinkle shells gotten from kenyetta market in Enugu, and its use as an adsorbent for water treatment in Nkanu East Local Government Area of Enugu State. The activated carbon, (AC) is prepared by acid activation method at temperature of 6000C. The effects of carbonization and acid impregnation time on the adsorption potential of the activated carbons on adsorption of nickel and lead from inyaba river water in Amagunze, in Nkanu East L.G.A, was examined. The results show that the concentrations of nickel and lead before purification are 1.86mg/l and 0.08 mg/l respectively. After purification, lead was not detected in any of the samples while the concentrations of nickel reduced from 1.86 mg/l to 0.30 mg/l. Thus, this study showed that activated carbon produced from periwinkle shell is suitable for the adsorption of Ni+2 and Pb+2 ions and as such could be used as a costeffective and locally accessed adsorbent in the treatment of contaminated river water.

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“…They also reported that Chlorella, Euglena, Scenedermus, and Microcystis are the predominant algae species found in the WSP systems. The drawbacks of WSP are their long hydraulic retention time ranging from 20 to 30 days, high water losses due to evaporation, and high dependency of such open systems process to the environmental factors like temperature, light intensity and risk of contamination (Nwankwo et al 2019). Over time, the sludge generation in ponds increases leading to lowering the mean residence retention time or contact time that results in decrease of contaminant removal and therefore significantly affect the pond microbial dynamics results in decreasing efficiency (Coggins et al 2019).…”

Section: Open Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal biomass dual roles in phycoremediation of wastewater and production of bioenergy and value-added products

Razaviarani

Arab

Lerdwanawattana

et al. 2022

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Algal biomass has been gaining attention over the last decades as it is versatile and can be used in different industries, such as wastewater treatment and bioenergy industries. Microalgae are mixotrophic microorganisms that have potential to utilize nitrogen and phosphate (nutrients) and remove organic matters from wastewater streams. Phycoremediation is an intriguing and cost-efficient technique to simultaneously remove heavy metals from wastewater while removing nutrients and organic matters. The cultivated and produced algal biomass can be a promising candidate and a sustainable feedstock to produce biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, bio-alcohol, and bio-oil) and value-added products such as biochar, glycerol, functional food, and pigments. The algae suspended cultivation systems, WSP and HRAP, are efficient methods for the wastewater treatment in shallow ponds with no mechanical aeration and less required energy consumption, but when a short HRT and minimum evaporation losses are key points in the algal cultivation the PBRs are recommended. It was reported that biosorption and bioaccumulation are the two promising techniques of phycoremediation. Studies showed that among the current processes of algal biomass conversion to biofuels, transesterification of algal lipids and pyrolysis of algal biomass were found to be the most efficient techniques. This review paper investigates the applications of algal biomass in the phycoremediation of wastewater, productions of bioenergy and value-added products by reviewing articles mainly published over the last five years. Graphical abstract

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The Dynamics of Solids Removal in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of waste stabilisation pond units for treating domestic wastewater

Evaluation of waste stabilisation pond units for treating domestic wastewater

Preparation and Use of Activated Carbon from Periwinkle Shell for Water Treatment in Nkanu East Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

Algal biomass dual roles in phycoremediation of wastewater and production of bioenergy and value-added products

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