The Dynamics of River Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean

Shiklomanov, I. A.; Shiklomanov, A. I.; Lammers, R. B.; Peterson, Bruce J.; Vörösmarty, Charles J

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4132-1_13

Cited by 146 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the Yukon was included among the 35 rivers when it actually drains into the Bering Strait. Shiklomanov et al [2000] included all of Greenland and used several approximate methods to estimate streamflow Figure 2. Time series of estimated total basin discharge and observed streamflow in km 3 month À1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As net precipitation increases and the region thaws in response to progressively warming climate, observed increases in freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean [Peterson et al, 2002;Meier and Carter, 2006;McClelland et al, 2006] may have important consequences for North Atlantic Deep Water formation and heat transport by the thermohaline circulation [e.g., Stocker and Raible, 2005]. Beyond its implications for ocean circulation, Arctic freshwater discharge accounts for 11% of the total global runoff flux [Shiklomanov et al, 2000]. Hence monitoring and understanding variations in Arctic freshwater discharge is essential in order to fully characterize its role in the global water cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, some 30-40% of the Pan-Arctic drainage area is ungauged [Shiklomanov et al, 2000]. Second, even when gauges are present, a significant volume of discharge may bypass measurement stations as flow in braided channels, inundated floodplain [Alsdorf and Lettenmaier, 2003] or as submarine groundwater seepage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Syed

Famiglietti

Zlotnicki

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Streamflow from Arctic river basins has been increasing in recent decades in response to warming climate. In addition to being a sensitive indicator of global change, Arctic discharge is a critical component of the freshwater budget of the Arctic Ocean, where increasing freshwater flows may slow rates of North Atlantic Deep Water formation and heat transport by the thermohaline circulation. However, quantifying rates of freshwater discharge from the entire Pan-Arctic drainage has been troublesome using traditional stream gauging methods. Here we use satellite measurements of variations in continental water storage from the GRACE mission to present first estimates of monthly freshwater discharge from the entire Pan-Arctic for the period 2003 -2005. Results show that rates of Pan-Arctic discharge for this time period (3588 ± 257 km 3 yr À1 ) are significantly larger than those suggested by gauge-based estimates (3238 km 3 yr À1 ), and furthermore, may indicate that discharge rates are accelerating.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Syed

Famiglietti

Zlotnicki

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Though only 1% of the world ocean by volume, the Arctic Ocean receives 11% of world river runoff (Shiklomanov et al, 2000). Following the general relation between catchment area and discharge (Prowse and Flegg, 2000) the total river inflow to the Arctic Ocean is dominated by contributions from Eurasia (Peterson et al, 2002;Lammers et al, 2001), with six rivers (Yenesei, Lena, Ob, Pechora, Kolyma and Severnaya Dvina) draining 2/3rds of the Eurasian Arctic landmass.…”

Section: River Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current estimates of freshwater flux through Arctic and subarctic seas

Dickson

Rudels²,

Dye

et al. 2007

Progress in Oceanography

242

227

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“…Although containing only 1% of the world's ocean water, it receives the discharge from four of the world's largest rivers, the Ob, Yenisey, Lena and Mackenzie. About 11% of global river discharge flows into the Arctic Ocean (Shiklomanov et al, 2000). River discharge helps to maintain a low-salinity surface layer in the Arctic Ocean, allowing sea ice to form readily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation characteristics of the Eurasian Arctic drainage system

Serreze

Etringer

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study examines characteristics of precipitation over the major watersheds of the Eurasian Arctic drainage system over the period . In addition to the Ob, Yenisey and Lena (the three largest drainage systems), we examine the combined Kolyma-Indigirka in eastern Eurasia. Each basin exhibits approximately symmetric mean annual cycles of monthly total precipitation and daily event size, with winter minima and July maxima. These are strikingly similar to the annual cycles of total column water vapour (precipitable water), which fundamentally reflects the control on saturation vapour pressure by temperature. Effective precipitation mechanisms exist in all seasons. However, because of the long distance from strong moisture sources (continentality), precipitation tends to follow the seasonality in column water vapour. An effective contrast is presented for the Iceland sector. Here, the annual cycle of precipitation is tied not to the seasonality in column water vapour, but to the stronger precipitation-generating mechanisms in winter. Hence, the annual cycles of precipitation and column water vapour in this region oppose each other.Mean winter precipitation over the Eurasian watersheds is primarily driven by a modest convergence of water vapour. Whereas precipitation peaks in summer, the mean flux convergence exhibits a general minimum (negative in the Ob). Summer precipitation is hence primarily associated with surface evaporation. A strong role of convection is supported from consideration of static stability, the fairly weak spatial organization of precipitation totals and results from prior studies. On daily time scales, the largest basin-averaged precipitation events, for both summer and winter, are allied with synoptic-scale forcing. This is seen in relationships with cyclone frequency, and patterns of 500 hPa height, vertical motion and the 700 hPa vapour flux. The relative frequency of four 500 hPa synoptic types captures the basic time series structures of precipitation.

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The Dynamics of River Water Inflow to the Arctic Ocean

Cited by 146 publications

References 3 publications

Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Contemporary estimates of Pan‐Arctic freshwater discharge from GRACE and reanalysis

Current estimates of freshwater flux through Arctic and subarctic seas

Precipitation characteristics of the Eurasian Arctic drainage system

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