“…Subcontracting appears to be the predominant form in construction (BIS, 2013;Chan et al, 2010;Forde and MacKenzie, 2007;Forde, MacKenzie and Robinson, 2009) while agency workalongside other forms of casual and contract employmentis to be found in hospitality (Alberti, 2014;Lai, Soltani and Baum 2008;Lucas and Mansfield, 2010;Maroukis 2015;McDowell, Batnitzky and Dyer, 2008). Furthermore, firms often contract out parts of the labour process to other companies, creating a long subcontracting chain with multiple employers operating at different levels (Harvey, 2003;MacKenzie, 2000).…”