The dynamics of job creation and job destruction in Australia

Abstract

This paper develops nneasures of job creation and job destruction (JC&D) based on the methodology initially developed by Davis and Haltiwanger (1990) and using industry employment data from the ABS Survey of Employment and Earnings (SEE), which is available on a quarterly basis between August 1983 and December 2001. It specifically examines the interaction of part-time and full-time employment with JC&D processes over the business cycle. Econometric analysis has been conducted to determine the time series properties of cyclical sensitivity and asymmetry. These findings are considered in the context of the likely consequences of the Howard government's Work Choices legislation.

International student‐workers in Australia: a new vulnerable workforce

“…Despite their consequent vulnerability, *Corresponding author. Email: helen.forbes-mewett@buseco.monash.edu.au international student-workers have not been included in debates on vulnerable workers and this is true even of contributions that have explored the vulnerability of young workers (see, for example, Pocock and Masterman-Smith 2005;Cowling et al 2006;Fenwick 2006;Mathews 2006;Mitchell, Juniper, and Myers 2006;Stewart 2006;Burgess, Henderson, and Strachan 2007;Hodgkinson and Markey 2007;McDonald et al 2007). In this paper, we address the prevailing paucity of knowledge on international student-workers by drawing on interviews with 200 higher education students across nine Australian universities.…”

Are gross job flows in Australia sensitive to exchange rate fluctuations?

“…Ritter (1994) found that the dynamics of gross job flows in U.S. goods-producing industries (manufacturing, mining, construction) were different to those in service industries, with higher rates of job destruction and probable higher job reallocation. Mitchell et al (2005) found similar results in Australia, with goodsproducing exhibiting higher rates of job destruction than services. Job creation was found to be more persistent than job destruction, except in Goods-production after the 1990 recession.…”

“…Further, manufacturing represents an ever-diminishing employment share. Most of the studies that address this issue, find that gross job flows in manufacturing and non-manufacturing behave differently (for example, Ritter, 1994;Mumford and Smith 2004;Armington and Acs, 2004;Mitchell et al, 2005). Ritter (1994) found that the dynamics of gross job flows in U.S. goods-producing industries (manufacturing, mining, construction) were different to those in service industries, with higher rates of job destruction and probable higher job reallocation.…”

“…During periods of recession, job destruction is rapid and sizeable whereas job creation may initially decline but resumes prior to the end of the job destruction wave. The job creation that occurs during the recessionary phase may be a substitution of part-time for full-time employment (Mitchell et al, 2005).…”

“…We group 3-digit industries by Ritter's (1994) broad industry groupings, Goods-producing (G); Trade-Services (T); and Remaining-Services (R). We build on Mitchell, Myers and Juniper (2005) and use reduced-form regression models to test the hypothesised sensitivities outlined above. In doing so, we assert that the Goods-producing sector by composition (dominated by manufacturing) is more externally exposed and more sensitive to real exchange rate movements than the services sectors.…”