The Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Pregnancy during the Transition to Adulthood

Barber, Jennifer S.; Kusunoki, Yasamin; Gatny, Heather; Budnick, Jamie

doi:10.1177/0003122418795856

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Pregnancy coercion is often described in the context of abusive, power-imbalanced relationships. 14,36,37 Consistent with the empirical literature, coercion was associated with physical and sexual abuse, as well as birth control sabotage. Whether in the context of an abusive relationship or not, male sex partners’ reproductive desires may take precedence over women’s reproductive choices, leading to unprotected sex and unwanted pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Pregnancy Coercion as a Risk Factor for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young African American Women

Capasso

DiClemente

Wingood

2019

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Pregnancy coercion (PC), defined as a restriction of women’s reproductive autonomy, may be associated with increased HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. However, there are few empirical studies defining the association between PC and HIV risk, particularly among vulnerable African American women. Setting and methods African American women (N=560), ages 17–24, completed an ACASI interview assessing PC prevalence and its association with HIV/STI risk. Women were screened for prevalent STIs using polymerase chain reaction assays. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions evaluated the association of PC and multiple HIV/STI risk-associated outcomes. Results Women who had experienced PC in the prior three months, relative to those not experiencing PC, were 78% more likely to test positive for an STI [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10 to 2.90]. Among women who experienced PC, odds of noncondom use in their last sexual encounter were 3.45 greater relative to women not experiencing PC (95% CI=1.55 to 7.85). Women who experienced PC had lower condom use intentions (coefficient, −1.31, p=0.002), greater fear of condom negotiation, and perceived more barriers to condom use (coefficients, 3.89 and 5.74, respectively, both p<0.001). Women who experienced PC had 1.98 (95% CI=1.22 to 3.21) and 1.82 (95% CI=1.09 to 3.04) odds of depression and HIV worry relative to women not experiencing PC. Conclusion Among African American women, PC was associated with a range of adverse sexual health outcomes and HIV/STI-related behaviors and attitudes. The findings underscore the need for promoting gender-equitable social norms in HIV prevention interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Pregnancy Coercion as a Risk Factor for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young African American Women

Capasso

DiClemente

Wingood

2019

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…Rather, we speculate that nonmonogamous and physically violent relationships have other characteristics that are associated with pregnancy desire. For example, research has shown that violent young men are more likely than their nonviolent counterparts to want their girlfriends to get pregnant . In addition, Edin and Kefalas observed that young women with undesirably behaving partners hope that a pregnancy will cause them to settle down and start a family .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Relationship Dynamics and Changing Desire for Pregnancy Among Young Women

Barber

Miller²,

Kusunoki

et al. 2019

Perspect Sexual Reproductive

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Although substantial research has focused on unintended pregnancy among young women, less is known about the circumstances under which pregnancy is desired. Whether a young woman ' s pregnancy desire changes across her diff erent relationships, or over time within a relationship, has not been directly assessed. METHODS : Data on intimate relationships and pregnancy desire were assessed weekly for 895 women aged 18-22 who participated in the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study in a county in Michigan (2008Michigan ( -2012. Withinbetween logistic regression models were used to examine within-cluster and between-cluster diff erences-comparisons of a woman ' s pregnancy desire within a relationship over time as well as across a woman ' s diff erent relationships. RESULTS :Young women were more likely to desire pregnancy if they were in any relationship more intimate and committed than a casual relationship (odds ratios, 1.6-9.2); the odds of desiring pregnancy were also higher in long-term relationships rather than in short-term ones (2.1). In general, pregnancy desire increased over time as a relationship endured and became more serious. The odds of desiring pregnancy were lower among women with less educated, rather than equally educated, partners (0.7), while the odds were higher in nonmonogamous or violent relationships than in monogamous or nonviolent relationships (1.6 and 1.9, respectively).CONCLUSIONS : Young women ' s pregnancy desire changes depending on their intimate relationship context, across the range of relationships they experience during the transition to adulthood. INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS AND PREGNANCY DESIRESome research has directly investigated whether intimate relationships aff ect the desire for pregnancy. For example, Edin and Kefalas ' s groundbreaking study of disadvantaged

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“…Microregulations of feminine performance (e.g., clothing) are key to coercive control (Anderson 2009). Abusers regulate women's bodies by controlling access to birth control and abortion (Barber et al 2018;Miller et al 2010). Research with male perpetrators further shows that abusive men hold traditional gender role ideologies (Anderson and Umberson 2001;Yamawaki, Ostenson, and Brown 2009) and tend to construct their female partners as unreasonable (Schrock, McCabe, and Vaccaro 2017).…”

Section: Gender Stereotypes and Intimate Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sociology of Gaslighting

2019

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Gaslighting—a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel “crazy,” creating a “surreal” interpersonal environment—has captured public attention. Despite the popularity of the term, sociologists have ignored gaslighting, leaving it to be theorized by psychologists. However, this article argues that gaslighting is primarily a sociological rather than a psychological phenomenon. Gaslighting should be understood as rooted in social inequalities, including gender, and executed in power-laden intimate relationships. The theory developed here argues that gaslighting is consequential when perpetrators mobilize gender-based stereotypes and structural and institutional inequalities against victims to manipulate their realities. Using domestic violence as a strategic case study to identify the mechanisms via which gaslighting operates, I reveal how abusers mobilize gendered stereotypes; structural vulnerabilities related to race, nationality, and sexuality; and institutional inequalities against victims to erode their realities. These tactics are gendered in that they rely on the association of femininity with irrationality. Gaslighting offers an opportunity for sociologists to theorize under-recognized, gendered forms of power and their mobilization in interpersonal relationships.

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The Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Pregnancy during the Transition to Adulthood

Cited by 22 publications

References 85 publications

Pregnancy Coercion as a Risk Factor for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young African American Women

Pregnancy Coercion as a Risk Factor for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young African American Women

Intimate Relationship Dynamics and Changing Desire for Pregnancy Among Young Women

The Sociology of Gaslighting

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