The dynamics of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> populations in the major potato‐growing regions of Asia – A review

Roy, Sanjoy Guha; Dey, T. K.; Cooke, D. E. L.; Cooke, L. R.

doi:10.1111/ppa.13360

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Of 160 DNA samples that were collected, all but two were determined to be the A2 mating type, all were Ia haplotype and 15 of the 17 pure cultures tested were resistant to metalaxyl-M. These results correlate well with those from the more limited previous studies where all isolates were identified as EU_13_ A2 (Guha Roy et al, 2021;Pronk et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…These asymptomatic tubers are easily overlooked during shipping and handling and can lead to the import of new European genotypes into the country. Forbes (2004) reported that both A1 and A2 mating types were present in Bangladesh, while more recently, Pronk et al (2017) and Guha Roy et al (2021) reported the presence of the EU_13_A2 genotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Bangladesh

et al. 2023

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Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is an economically important disease of potato that causes significant yield losses, with severe outbreaks regularly occurring in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to do a large‐scale survey of potato fields in the main potato‐growing divisions of Bangladesh examining genotypic diversity of P. infestans populations. A total of 160 samples were collected in 2018 from both potato (n = 140) and tomato (n = 20). Isolates were mainly collected on FTA cards (n = 143), but 17 were also collected and isolated into pure culture. Microsatellite analysis revealed high levels of subclonal diversity in P. infestans populations with 116 multilocus genotypes recorded from 160 samples. Comparisons with standards of European and US isolates showed that 74% of samples could be categorized as genotype EU_13_A2, 7% clustered near EU_6_A1 and EU_1_A1, and 19% were unique. Discriminant analysis of principal components showed that the P. infestans population clustered into four distinct groups: a main group that contained most of the samples from potato, two distinct tomato groups and one group of samples originating from the division of Mymensingh. Of 17 isolates from cultures, 16 were EU_13_A2 and one was EU_6_A1; 15 were insensitive to metalaxyl‐M. Out of 160 samples, 158 were categorized as mating type A2 and two as mating type A1. These results indicate that Bangladesh populations of P. infestans from potato, like those from neighbouring countries, are dominated by genotype EU_13_A2. However, populations from tomato were distinct and appear to be specific to tomato.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Bangladesh

et al. 2023

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“…High genotypic diversity through sexual reproduction and oospores’ formation is common in neighboring countries such as Finland and the Baltic region [ 26 , 32 , 68 ], but differs from essentially clonal populations in western regions of Europe [ 72 , 73 , 74 ], and in the United States and South America [ 75 , 76 ], Asia [ 61 , 77 ], and Africa [ 78 , 79 ]. However, recent rapid local and global genotype shifts have occurred due to pathogen migration with tuber trade [ 80 , 81 ]. Most of the markers were informative, except SSR Pi70 which showed almost no diversity, as observed in previous studies [ 27 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Diverse Phytophthora infestans Populations Infecting Potato Crops in Pskov Region, North-West Russia

Runno-Paurson

Agho

Zoteyeva

et al. 2022

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There is limited understanding of the genetic variability in Phytophthora infestans in the major potato cultivation region of north-western Russia, where potato is grown primarily by small households with limited chemical treatment of late blight. In this study, the mating type, sensitivity to metalaxyl, and genotype and population genetic diversity (based on 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers) of 238 isolates of P. infestans from the Pskov region during the years 2010−2013 were characterized. The aim was to examine the population structure, phenotypic and genotypic diversity, and the prevalent reproductive mode of P. infestans, as well as the influence of the location, time, and agricultural management practices on the pathogen population. The frequency of the A2 mating was stable over the four seasons and ranged from 33 to 48% of the sampled population. Both mating types occurred simultaneously in 90% of studied fields, suggesting the presence of sexual reproduction and oospore production in P. infestans in the Pskov region. Metalaxyl-sensitive isolates prevailed in all four years (72%), however, significantly fewer sensitive isolates were found in samples from large-scale conventional fields. A total of 50 alleles were detected in the 141 P. infestans isolates analyzed for genetic diversity. Amongst the 83 SSR multilocus genotypes (MLGs) detected, 65% were unique and the number of MLGs varied between locations from 3 to 20. These results, together with the high genotypic diversity observed in all the locations and the lack of significance of linkage disequilibrium, suggest that sexual recombination is likely responsible for the unique MLGs and the high genetic diversity found in the Pskov region population, resembling those of north-eastern European populations.

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“…Low population differentiation (0.08) in neutral genome achieved by natural and/or human-mediated dispersal (Gao et al, 2020 ) is consistent with a high gene flow of the pathogen. The propagules of P. infestans can be transmitted to a long distance by air current (Firester et al, 2018 ), and intensive cultivation of its potato and tomato hosts year-round in the country (Guha Roy et al, 2021 ) creates a unique opportunity for transmission. In agriculture, anthropogenic activities such as commercial trading of plant materials by human activities are the main channels of plant pathogens dispersal (Meng et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Genome Contributes to the Thermal Adaptation of the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans

et al. 2022

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As a vital element of climate change, elevated temperatures resulting from global warming present new challenges to natural and agricultural sustainability, such as ecological disease management. Mitochondria regulate the energy production of cells in responding to environmental fluctuation, but studying their contribution to the thermal adaptation of species is limited. This knowledge is needed to predict future disease epidemiology for ecology conservation and food security. Spatial distributions of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in 405 Phytophthora infestans isolates originating from 15 locations were characterized. The contribution of MtDNA to thermal adaptation was evaluated by comparative analysis of mtDNA frequency and intrinsic growth rate, relative population differentiation in nuclear and mtDNA, and associations of mtDNA distribution with local geography climate conditions. Significant variation in frequency, intrinsic growth rate, and spatial distribution was detected in mtDNA. Population differentiation in mtDNA was significantly higher than that in the nuclear genome, and spatial distribution of mtDNA was strongly associated with local climatic conditions and geographic parameters, particularly air temperature, suggesting natural selection caused by a local temperature is the main driver of the adaptation. Dominant mtDNA grew faster than the less frequent mtDNA. Our results provide useful insights into the evolution of pathogens under global warming. Given its important role in biological functions and adaptation to local air temperature, mtDNA intervention has become an increasing necessity for future disease management. To secure ecological integrity and food production under global warming, a synergistic study on the interactive effect of changing temperature on various components of biological and ecological functions of mitochondria in an evolutionary frame is urgently needed.

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The dynamics of Phytophthora infestans populations in the major potato‐growing regions of Asia – A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 80 publications

Genotypic characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Bangladesh

Genotypic characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Bangladesh

Highly Diverse Phytophthora infestans Populations Infecting Potato Crops in Pskov Region, North-West Russia

Mitochondrial Genome Contributes to the Thermal Adaptation of the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans

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