The Dynamics of Five Grasses and White Clover in a Simulated Mosaic Sward

Thórhallsdóttir, Thóra Ellen

doi:10.2307/2260942

Cited by 70 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, observing these trophic networks in real systems and resolving the effects of their topology and internal dynamics from noisy external causes are not simple tasks. It is thus not surprising that most of the observed examples are for small S [3,4]: mating lizards [5], competing bacteria [6][7][8][9], coral reef environments [10], competing grasses [11][12][13], etc. It remains necessary, though, to systematically study which properties are robust when S is large and which are specific of systems with a small number of species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globally synchronized oscillations in complex cyclic games

Rulquin

Arenzon

2014

Phys. Rev. E

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The rock-paper-scissors game and its generalizations with S > 3 species are well-studied models for cyclically interacting populations. Four is, however, the minimum number of species that, by allowing other interactions beyond the single, cyclic loop, breaks both the full intransitivity of the food graph and the one-predator, one-prey symmetry. Lütz et al. [J. Theor. Biol. 317, 286 (2013)] have shown the existence, on a square lattice, of two distinct phases, with either four or three coexisting species. In both phases, each agent is eventually replaced by one of its predators, but these strategy oscillations remain localized as long as the interactions are short ranged. Distant regions may be either out of phase or cycling through different food-web subloops (if any). Here we show that upon replacing a minimum fraction Q of the short-range interactions by long-range ones, there is a Hopf bifurcation, and global oscillations become stable. Surprisingly, to build such long-distance, global synchronization, the four-species coexistence phase requires fewer long-range interactions than the three-species phase, while one would naively expect the opposite to be true. Moreover, deviations from highly homogeneous conditions (χ = 0 or 1) increase Q c , and the more heterogeneous is the food web, the harder the synchronization is. By further increasing Q, while the three-species phase remains stable, the four-species one has a transition to an absorbing, single-species state. The existence of a phase with global oscillations for S > 3, when the interaction graph has multiple subloops and several possible local cycles, leads to the conjecture that global oscillations are a general characteristic, even for large, realistic food webs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globally synchronized oscillations in complex cyclic games

Rulquin

Arenzon

2014

Phys. Rev. E

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“…Silvertown et al . (1992) investigated grassland dynamics in a cellular automaton model, using transition probabilities that had been measured in a greenhouse experiment (Thórhallsdóttir 1990a): beginning with the species in bands, rather than scattered randomly, reduced the rates of exclusion of the less competitive species. At a more theoretical level, Bolker & Pacala (1997) demonstrated basic differences between the dynamics of spatial and non-spatial logistic growth equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐scale spatial structure in a grassland community: quantifying the plant’s‐eye view

2002

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Summary 1The fine-scale spatial patterns of Agrostis stolonifera , Holcus lanatus and Lolium perenne were recorded in an English lowland grassland as presence/absence maps from 400-cell quadrats at two different scales (2 × 2 cm or 8 × 8 cm cells). 2 Local spatial structure in these patterns was quantified using spatial covariance functions. Distance-and direction-dependent components were examined separately for both intra-and interspecific patterns. The significance of departures from randomness was determined using Monte Carlo techniques. 3 The smaller-scale data showed that all three species were significantly aggregated, Agrostis to a greater distance (8 cm) than Holcus or Lolium ( 4 cm). The intensity of aggregation decreased in the order Lolium > Holcus > Agrostis . The larger-scale data suggested that this aggregation extended to greater distances, and that it was most intense in Agrostis . 4 Despite the lack of visual directionality in the environment, Agrostis showed a directional pattern at both scales, with Lolium varying in the same direction at the larger scale. 5 Only Agrostis and Lolium showed a significant interspecific relationship (segregated to 2 cm at the small scale, but aggregated to 8 cm at the larger scale). There was no evidence of directionality in the interspecific components of pattern. 6 The nature of spatial structure appears to depend on the scale of observation, but the smaller-scale data are more likely to provide a biologically interpretable measure of local spatial structure in this community.

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“…Rusch and van der Maarel, 1992;van der Maarel and Sykes, 1993;Herben et al, 1994;Pa¨rtel and Zobel, 1995). These studies have demonstrated that there exists considerable turnover of species on both the spatial and the temporal scales, and that such turnover differs among species (Tho´rhallsdo´ttir, 1990;Rusch and van der Maarel, 1992;van der Maarel and Sykes, 1993;Herben et al, 1994;Law et al, 1994;Sykes et al, 1994) as well as among communities (Herben et al, 1994;Pa¨rtel and Zobel, 1995). It has been shown that disturbance, such as drought, may enhance shoot mobility (van der Maarel, 1996) and that higher shoot mobility can be found in communities with higher species richness (Sykes et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 98%

A comparison of plant communities on the basis of their clonal growth patterns

et al. 2004

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This study was performed to analyse how a vegetative propagation pattern of plants affects the coexistence of species and subsequent species richness of the community. We compared community average clonal growth in the herbal communities of forests, wooded meadows, and open meadows in Laelatu, Estonia. The parameters used for the calculation of the community averages and measured for each species were ramet life span, rhizome branching, and clonal mobility. We also examined the intrinsic (i.e. independent of the environment) relationship between community clonal growth and plant species density. We found strong correlations between the environmental factors (productivity, light availability, and mowing regime) and community averages of clonal growth parameters, while species density was (negatively) correlated only with community average of rhizome increment. The community average of ramet life span decreased with the increasing biomass of the herb layer. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that species-rich communities may consist of species with more contrasting mobility compared with species-poor communities. Independent of the effect of the environmental factors, species density was positively correlated with ramet density. There was intrinsic positive relationship between species density and community average of ramet life span at open meadow sites and intrinsic negative relationship between species density and community average of rhizome increment at wooded meadow sites. We conclude that in forest communities the capability of clonal plants to forage for light is favoured, while in unmown meadows a competitively strong phalanx growth form is advantageous. We established that ramet turnover increases and vegetative mobility decreases with increasing species diversity, although these two relationships depend strongly on the type of the studied community.

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The Dynamics of Five Grasses and White Clover in a Simulated Mosaic Sward

Cited by 70 publications

References 25 publications

Globally synchronized oscillations in complex cyclic games

Globally synchronized oscillations in complex cyclic games

Fine‐scale spatial structure in a grassland community: quantifying the plant’s‐eye view

A comparison of plant communities on the basis of their clonal growth patterns

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