The Dynamics of Circulating Immune Complexes in Horses with Severe Equine Asthma

Słowikowska, Malwina; Bajzert, Joanna; Miller, Julia; Stefaniak, Tadeusz; Niedźwiedź, Artur

doi:10.3390/ani11041001

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the current study, no association between serum NGAL and EA diagnosis was demonstrated, nor between serum NGLA and with BAL NGAL concentration or BAL neutrophils. These results are in line with previous EA research and blood biomarkers have not shown reliable differences between EA cases and healthy horses 35–39 . While our results do not indicate a potential benefit for serum NGAL as a marker of EA, due to the limited sample size, with only 66 serum samples, future studies should be performed to confirm this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These results are in line with previous EA research and blood biomarkers have not shown reliable differences between EA cases and healthy horses. [35][36][37][38][39] While our results do not indicate a potential benefit for serum NGAL as a marker of EA, due to the limited sample size, with only 66 serum samples, future studies should be performed to confirm this. In humans, a possible relationship between airway remodelling caused by airway neutrophilia and NGAL has been proposed, 5,40 and NGAL is found to increase in response to chronic inflammation 41 but this has not yet been investigated in horses.…”

Section: Concentration Of Ngal Inmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker for equine asthma

Hansen

Otten

Spang-Hanssen

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Journal

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BackgroundStudies in people have found neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations are increased in asthma and can be used to distinguish between asthma subtypes. NGAL has not yet been investigated in equine asthma (EA).ObjectivesTo investigate the ability of NGAL concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum to distinguish between control horses, horses with mild–moderate EA (MEA) and horses with severe EA (SEA).Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsDetails of endoscopic examination including tracheal mucus score (TMS, scale 0–5) and BAL cytology performed on 227 horses were extracted from records and NGAL concentrations were measured on stored serum and BAL fluid samples. The horses were divided into groups (control group n = 73, MEA n = 98, SEA n = 56) based on clinical signs and BAL cytology results. Differences between groups were evaluated with the Mann–Whitney test and correlation between BAL NGAL, serum NGAL, and BAL cytology were evaluated using Spearman's correlation.ResultsBAL NGAL concentrations were higher in EA than in control horses (median: 25.6 and 13.3 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.001). Concentrations of NGAL in BAL differed between groups, with higher concentrations in MEA than in control horses (median: 18.5 and 13.3 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.001), and higher concentrations in SEA than in MEA horses (median: 54.1 and 18.5 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.001). BAL NGAL concentration differed between horses with TMS ≤2 an >2 (median 15.6 and 21.1 μg/L, respectively, p = 0.004). No differences were found in serum NGAL concentration between any of the groups.Main limitationOnly 66 of the 227 (29%) horses had haematology and serum NGAL measured.ConclusionBAL NGAL concentration differed between control and EA and reflected severity of disease. These results justify further research into the potential of NGAL as a biomarker of EA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Concentration Of Ngal Inmentioning

confidence: 80%

Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker for equine asthma

Hansen

Otten

Spang-Hanssen

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…According to the general properties of equine IgG3 and IgG5, these mechanisms could be immune complex formation and Fcg receptor binding to support respiratory burst and complement fixation (the latter by IgG3) (43). These pathological mechanisms have only been discussed for equine asthma (2,19,20). Similarly, mouse models of human allergic asthma point to the exacerbation of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity by allergen-specific IgG and immune complexes activating innate immune cells through FcgRs (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies analyzed IgG (6,13,14) and found increased Asp f 7-or Asp f 8-specific IgG in serum (6,13) or Asp extract-binding IgG in BALF (15). Other than these, IgG analyses concerning SEA are sparse even though they could be informative: i) allergen-specific IgG isotypes are are usually induced in addition to IgE (16)(17)(18), and ii) IgG-dependent mechanisms like type III hypersensitivities and involvement of immune complex formation have been suggested as a pathological mechanism of equine asthma (2,19,20). Similarly, mouse models of human asthma indicated such mechanisms and increased allergenspecific IgG was associated with asthma in humans (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoproteomics reveal increased serum IgG3/5 binding to Dermatophagoides and yeast protein antigens in severe equine asthma in a preliminary study

Schnabel,

Jentsch,

Lübke

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionSevere equine asthma (SEA) is a common, chronic respiratory disease of horses characterized by hyperreactivity to hay dust which has many similarities to severe neutrophilic asthma in humans. SEA-provoking antigens have not been comprehensively characterized, but molds and mites have been suggested as relevant sources. Here, we identified relevant antigen candidates using immunoproteomics with IgG isotype-binding analyses.MethodsProteins from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting (2D immunoblots) resulting in a characteristic pattern of 440 spots. After serum incubation, antibody (Ig)-binding of all Ig (Pan-Ig) and IgG isotypes (type-2-associated IgG3/5, type-1-associated IgG4/7) was quantified per each spot and compared between asthmatic and healthy horses’ sera (n=5 per group).ResultsIg binding differences were detected in 30 spots. Pan-Ig binding was higher with asthmatics compared to healthy horses’ sera on four spots, and IgG3/5 binding was higher on 18 spots. Small IgG4/7 binding differences were detected on 10 spots with higher binding with asthmatics’ sera on four but higher binding with healthy horses’ sera on six spots. Proteins from the spots with group differences including mite and yeast proteins were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The latter likely originated from the feeding substrate of the Der p culture. Prioritized antigen candidates amongst the proteins identified were Der p 1, Der p 11, group 15 allergens, myosin heavy chain, and uncharacterized Der p proteins. Additionally, yeast enolases, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and heat shock proteins were prioritized. Eleven antigen candidates were tested for confirmation by ELISAs using the respective proteins separately. Differences in asthmatics vs. healthy horses’ serum Ig binding to Der p 1, Der p 18, and three yeast enzymes (enolase, ADH, and PGK) confirmed these as promising antigens of immune responses in SEA.DiscussionAntigens with relevance in SEA were newly identified by immunoproteomics, and yeast antigens were considered for SEA for the first time. Serum IgG3/5 binding to relevant antigens was increased in SEA and is a novel feature that points to increased type-2 responses in SEA but requires confirmation of the corresponding cellular responses.

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“…Some of these genes are responsible for the regulation of T-cells (IL-27) or associated with inducing allergies by inhalation (IL-7R) in human asthma development [ 19 ]. A number of reports on clinical aspects of severe equine asthma are available [ 20 , 21 ], including the search for non-invasive blood or urine biomarkers [ 22 ]. Equine asthma is well known as an animal model of human asthma [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Genetic and Environmental Effects on Equine Asthma in Polish Konik Horses

Borowska

Wolska

Niedźwiedź

et al. 2021

Animals

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Current knowledge of the genetic and environmental backgrounds of equine asthma seems to be insufficient, especially for primitive horse breeds. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of sex, birth period, stud, parentage line and inbreeding on asthma morbidity in Polish Konik horses. Records of 274 horses (housed in two studs) were analysed. These animals were allocated to maternal and paternal lines. Individual inbreeding coefficients were extracted from the additive relationship matrix. Horses underwent diagnosis based on observation of the basic symptoms (high frequency of coughing and excessive nasal discharge). Subsequently, some horses (28 individuals) were clinically examined to confirm the earlier observations. Generally, no significant effects of parentage line on heaves morbidity were identified by the use of logistic regression, although the Pearson’s chi-squared test had shown that individuals of some maternal and paternal lines had a predisposition to severe equine asthma. It was concluded that the individual inbreeding level is not associated with the incidence of EA, but a significant effect of the maternal inbreeding coefficient may be observed. It was also found that there is some variability in the incidence of this disease between studs.

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The Dynamics of Circulating Immune Complexes in Horses with Severe Equine Asthma

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker for equine asthma

Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker for equine asthma

Immunoproteomics reveal increased serum IgG3/5 binding to Dermatophagoides and yeast protein antigens in severe equine asthma in a preliminary study

Some Genetic and Environmental Effects on Equine Asthma in Polish Konik Horses

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