The Dynamical-Systems Approach to Studying Athletic Injury

Dolan, Michael G.; Hertel, Jay

doi:10.1123/att.11.1.31

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The concept of constraints is used in different scientific fields (e.g., mathematics, physics, computer science, biology, and linguistics) and refers to boundary conditions, limitations, or design features that apply restrictions to the degrees of freedom of a system, thereby indicating the trajectories that the system may exhibit [3]. Constraints-led approaches based on Newell’s model [5]have been applied to numerous movement science and sporting fields in recent years, including skill acquisition [6, 7], motor development [8], motor performance [9], medicine [10, 11], physical therapy and rehabilitation [12–14], physical conditioning [15, 16], sports biomechanics [17, 18], creative behavior [19, 20], and sport injuries [21]. Due to the integration of variables studied in different disciplines such as physiology, biomechanics, and psychology, the constraints-led approach has been suggested as a possible unifying framework for sport performance studies [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Relatedness and Nestedness of Constraints

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this opinion paper is providing a platform for explaining and discussing the relatedness and nestedness of constraints on the basis of four claims: (a) task constraints are distributed between the person and the environment and hence are relational variables, (b) being relational, task constraints are also emergent properties of the organism/environment system, (c) constraints are nested in timescales, and (d) a vast set of constraints are correlated through circular causality. Theoretical implications for improving the understanding of the constraints-led approach and practical applications for enhancing the manipulation of constraints in learning and training settings are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Relatedness and Nestedness of Constraints

et al. 2019

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“…This research further highlights the need for the exploration of gait assessment for sport-related injuries such as orthopedic injuries and concussion, and concern regarding the ability to effectively integrate afferent and efferent signals during more complex, sport-like movements is warranted. 11,12 This study is not without limitations. First, we investigated healthy young adults, not individuals with sport-related injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…10 The incorporation of a more demanding complex motor and neurological function assessment may provide clinicians with more information regarding readiness to return to complex physical activities. 4,[10][11][12][13] Thus, it is critical that we understand how challenging cognitive and motor assessments affect gait and cognitive outcomes in order to design effective assessments that measure potential deficits that could put returning athletes at risk of reinjury.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposal for Complex Gait Evaluation Using Dual-Task Gait Termination Time

Johnson¹,

Scott²,

Lynall³

2021

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Gait termination time (GTT) has been used to predict falls in older adults but has not been explored in the sport rehabilitation setting. The incorporation of a concurrent cognitive task as a complex measure of gait in this clinical population could lead to better health-related outcomes. Objective: To compare the effect of planned and unplanned gait termination with and without a concurrent cognitive task on reaction time (RT), gait velocity, and GTT. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Twenty young adults (females 60.0%, age 20.1 [0.9] y, height 169.5 [8.8] cm, mass 67.4 [10.8] kg). Intervention: Participants completed 6 planned and 6 unplanned gait termination trials on an instrumented gait mat with and without a cognitive task. Main Outcome Measures: The authors measured RT (s), gait velocity (m/s), GTT (s), and normalized GTT (s2/m). A 2 (motor) × 2 (cognitive) repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = .05) was used; significant interaction effects were explored using Bonferroni-corrected t tests (α < .008). Results: Participants walked more slowly during dual-task trials compared with single-task trials (F1,19 = 4.401, P = .050). Participants walked significantly more slowly with a cognitive task during planned (P < .001, mean difference = −0.184 m/s, 95% CI, −0.256 to −0.111) and unplanned (P = .001, mean difference = −0.111 m/s, 95% CI, −0.173 to −0.050) gait termination. Participants walked significantly more slowly (P < .001, mean difference = −0.142 m/s, 95% CI, −0.210 to −0.075) when performing the most difficult task, unplanned termination with a cognitive task, than when performing the least difficult task, planned termination with no cognitive task. We observed a cognitive task main effect such that adding a cognitive task increased RT (F1,19 = 16.375, P = .001, mean difference = −0.118 s, 95% CI, −0.178 to −0.057) and slowed normalized GTT (F1,19 = 5.655, P = .028, mean difference = −0.167 s2/m, 95% CI, −0.314 to −0.020). Conclusions: Overall, participants displayed more conservative gait strategies and slower RT, normalized GTT, and gait velocity as task difficulty increased. More investigation is needed to truly understand the clinical meaningfulness of these measures in athletic injuries.

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“…Chronic ankle instability can lead to balance and walking problems due to weakness of the ankle muscles and decreased proprioceptive sense [ 34 ]. It has been proven by research that an exercise program is effective in improving the balance ability of individuals with chronic ankle instability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic ankle instability can lead to balance and walking problems due to weakness of the ankle muscles and decreased proprioceptive sense [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ankle Stabilization Exercises Using Sonic Balance Pad on Proprioception and Balance in Subjects with Ankle Instability

Uygun,

Yang,

Moon

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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Sound waves generate acoustic resonance energy that penetrates deeply and safely into body areas normal mechanical vibrations cannot reach. The sonic balance pad utilizes these sound waves to create an optimal musculoskeletal response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week ankle stabilization exercise program using a sonic balance pad on proprioceptive sense and balance ability in individuals with ankle instability. This study was conducted as a randomized control-group pre-and post-test design in 30 participants (21 females and 9 males) who had experienced an ankle fracture or sprain within the last 5 years or who scored 11 points or more on The Identification of Functional Ankle Instability. The ankle stabilization exercise program was conducted for 4 weeks in the experimental group (n = 15), to which sonic pads were applied, and the control group (n = 15), to which balance pads were applied. All participants were assessed for their intrinsic proprioceptive sense of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, static balance test, dynamic balance test, and long jump test were measured before and after 4 weeks as dependent variables. After 4 weeks of training, a significant difference was shown in the right dorsiflexion error (Balance pad = PRE: 2.47 ± 0.92; POST: 2.33 ± 1.40, Sonic pad = PRE: 3.27 ± 1.39; POST: 1.20 ± 0.77) and the left plantar flexion error (Balance pad = PRE: 2.00 ± 1.36; POST: 2.73 ± 1.22, Sonic pad = PRE: 3.53 ± 1.25; POST: 2.20 ± 1.01) (p < 0.05) between the experimental and control groups in the proprioception test. In the static balance test, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups during the pre, post, and variation stages. However, in the Y-Balance test, which is one of the dynamic balance tests, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups at various points, including anterior left (Balance pad = PRE: 72.85 ± 19.95; POST: 63.41 ± 8.66, Sonic pad = PRE: 68.16 ± 6.38; POST: 76.17 ± 3.67), posteromedial right (Balance pad = PRE: 78.59 ± 15.34; POST: 81.41 ± 10.37, Sonic pad = PRE: 86.33 ± 16.44; POST: 102.23 ± 11.53), posteromedial left (Balance pad = PRE: 78.00 ± 16.99; POST: 83.36 ± 10.15, Sonic pad = PRE: 88.96 ± 19.92; POST: 102.45 ± 12.98), posterolateral right (Balance pad = PRE: 78.16 ± 14.33; POST: 82.61 ± 10.73, Sonic pad = PRE: 87.95 ± 17.51; POST: 101.34 ± 15.37), and posterolateral left (Balance pad = PRE: 80.86 ± 14.96; POST: 81.31 ± 7.16, Sonic pad = PRE: 91.23 ± 17.35; POST: 104.18 ± 11.78) (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the single-leg long jump test, which is another dynamic balance test, the experimental group (Sonic pad = PRE: 100.27 ± 29.00; POST: 116.80 ± 28.86) also demonstrated a significant difference in the right single-leg long jump compared to the control group (Balance pad = PRE: 91.87 ± 17.74; POST: 97.67 ± 17.70) (p < 0.05). When a sonic balance pad using sound waves was applied in addition to a 4-week ankle stabilization exercise program for participants with ankle stability, it helped to improve proprioception and dynamic balance ability.

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The Dynamical-Systems Approach to Studying Athletic Injury

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

On the Relatedness and Nestedness of Constraints

On the Relatedness and Nestedness of Constraints

A Proposal for Complex Gait Evaluation Using Dual-Task Gait Termination Time

Effects of Ankle Stabilization Exercises Using Sonic Balance Pad on Proprioception and Balance in Subjects with Ankle Instability

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